Staphylococcus haemolyticus: Difference between revisions
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| binomial_authority = Schleifer & Kloos 1975 | | binomial_authority = Schleifer & Kloos 1975 | ||
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''S. haemolyticus'' is resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents.<ref name=Froggatt_1989>{{cite journal | author=Froggatt JW, Johnston JL, Galetto DW, Archer GL | title=Antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus | journal=Antimicrob Agents Chemother | year=1989 | pages=460-6 | volume=33 | issue=4 | id={{PMID|2729941}} [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=172460 fulltext] }}</ref> Resistance to [[vancomycin]] has been recorded, and this is a cause for concern because such resistance could be acquired by other, more [[pathogen|pathogenic]] staphylococci.<ref | ==Overview== | ||
'''''Staphylococcus haemolyticus''''' is a species of [[bacterium]] belonging to the [[genus]] ''[[Staphylococcus]]''. It is a [[Gram positive]] coccus, [[coagulase]] negative, and [[catalase]] positive. Frequently found as a [[commensal]] organism on the skin of humans and animals, ''S. haemolyticus'' occurs infrequently as a cause of soft-tissue infections, usually in [[immunocompromised]] patients. | |||
''S. haemolyticus'' is resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents.<ref name=Froggatt_1989>{{cite journal | author=Froggatt JW, Johnston JL, Galetto DW, Archer GL | title=Antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus | journal=Antimicrob Agents Chemother | year=1989 | pages=460-6 | volume=33 | issue=4 | id={{PMID|2729941}} [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=172460 fulltext] }}</ref> Resistance to [[vancomycin]] has been recorded, and this is a cause for concern because such resistance could be acquired by other, more [[pathogen|pathogenic]] staphylococci. | |||
==Treatment== | |||
===Antimicrobial regimen=== | |||
:* [[CoNS|Staphylococcus, coagulase-negative species (CoNS)]] | |||
:*Staphylococcus epidermidis<ref>{{cite book | last = Gilbert | first = David | title = The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy | publisher = Antimicrobial Therapy | location = Sperryville, Va | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1930808843 }}</ref> | |||
:*1. '''Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus epidermidis''' | |||
::* Preferred regimen (1): [[Oxacillin]] 1-2 g IV q4h | |||
::* Preferred regimen (2): [[Nafcillin]] 1-2 g IV q4h | |||
::* Preferred regimen (3): [[Cephalothin]] | |||
::* Alternative regimen: [[Rifampin]] 600 mg/day PO qd {{and}} [[Sulfamethoxazole]] and [[Trimethoprim]] ((or) [[Fluoroquinolones]]) {{and}} [[Daptomycin]] 600 mg PO or IV q12h<ref>{{cite book | last = Gilbert | first = David | title = The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy | publisher = Antimicrobial Therapy | location = Sperryville, Va | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1930808843 }}</ref> | |||
::* Note: 75% of the S. epidermidis are methicillin-resistant. | |||
:*2. '''Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis''' | |||
::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 1 g IV q12h with or without [[Rifampin]] 600 mg/day PO qd | |||
::* Note: For deep-seated infections consider adding [[Gentamicin]] with or without [[Rifampin]] 600 mg/day PO qd to the regimen<ref name="pmid15956145">{{cite journal| author=Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG, Bolger AF, Levison ME et al.| title=Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal=Circulation | year= 2005 | volume= 111 | issue= 23 | pages= e394-434 | pmid=15956145 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15956145 }} </ref> | |||
:*3. '''Prosthetic device infections''' | |||
::* Preferred regimen: [[Oxacillin]] 1-2 g IV q4h ((or) [[Vancomycin]] 1 g IV q12h) {{and}} [[Rifampin]] 600 mg/day PO qd {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/day IV/IM q8-24h is appropriate<ref name="pmid15956145">{{cite journal| author=Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG, Bolger AF, Levison ME et al.| title=Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal=Circulation | year= 2005 | volume= 111 | issue= 23 | pages= e394-434 | pmid=15956145 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15956145 }} </ref> | |||
::* Note: Duration depends on site of infection and severity. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Gram positive bacteria]] | [[Category:Gram positive bacteria]] | ||
[[Category:Staphylococcaceae]] | [[Category:Staphylococcaceae]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious Disease Project]] | |||
{{med-stub}} | {{med-stub}} | ||
{{bacteria-stub}} | {{bacteria-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 15:40, 6 August 2015
| Staphylococcus haemolyticus | ||||||||||||||
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| Staphylococcus haemolyticus Schleifer & Kloos 1975 |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a species of bacterium belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. It is a Gram positive coccus, coagulase negative, and catalase positive. Frequently found as a commensal organism on the skin of humans and animals, S. haemolyticus occurs infrequently as a cause of soft-tissue infections, usually in immunocompromised patients.
S. haemolyticus is resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents.[1] Resistance to vancomycin has been recorded, and this is a cause for concern because such resistance could be acquired by other, more pathogenic staphylococci.
Treatment
Antimicrobial regimen
- Staphylococcus, coagulase-negative species (CoNS)
- Staphylococcus epidermidis[2]
- 1. Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Preferred regimen (1): Oxacillin 1-2 g IV q4h
- Preferred regimen (2): Nafcillin 1-2 g IV q4h
- Preferred regimen (3): Cephalothin
- Alternative regimen: Rifampin 600 mg/day PO qd AND Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim ((or) Fluoroquinolones) AND Daptomycin 600 mg PO or IV q12h[3]
- Note: 75% of the S. epidermidis are methicillin-resistant.
- 2. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 1 g IV q12h with or without Rifampin 600 mg/day PO qd
- Note: For deep-seated infections consider adding Gentamicin with or without Rifampin 600 mg/day PO qd to the regimen[4]
- 3. Prosthetic device infections
- Preferred regimen: Oxacillin 1-2 g IV q4h ((or) Vancomycin 1 g IV q12h) AND Rifampin 600 mg/day PO qd AND Gentamicin 3 mg/kg/day IV/IM q8-24h is appropriate[4]
- Note: Duration depends on site of infection and severity.
References
- ↑ Froggatt JW, Johnston JL, Galetto DW, Archer GL (1989). "Antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus". Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 33 (4): 460–6. PMID 2729941 fulltext.
- ↑ Gilbert, David (2015). The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy. Sperryville, Va: Antimicrobial Therapy. ISBN 978-1930808843.
- ↑ Gilbert, David (2015). The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy. Sperryville, Va: Antimicrobial Therapy. ISBN 978-1930808843.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG, Bolger AF, Levison ME; et al. (2005). "Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Circulation. 111 (23): e394–434. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564. PMID 15956145.