Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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Risk factors include | Risk factors include | ||
* All cirrhotic patients with ascites | |||
* Severe [[liver]] disease ([[Cirrhosis]]) | * Severe [[liver]] disease ([[Cirrhosis]]) | ||
* Additional factors which can further increase susceptibility include: | |||
* Low protein level in ascitic fluid <ref name="pmid20120777">{{cite journal |author=Mustafa MG, Al Mamun MA, Alam AK |title=Study on ascitic fluid protein level in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis |journal=Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=41–3 |year=2009 |month=August |pmid=20120777 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | * Low protein level in ascitic fluid <ref name="pmid20120777">{{cite journal |author=Mustafa MG, Al Mamun MA, Alam AK |title=Study on ascitic fluid protein level in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis |journal=Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=41–3 |year=2009 |month=August |pmid=20120777 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* Upper GI bleeding poses a risk of bacteremia and SBP in a cirrhotic patient with rates of infection ranging from 17 to 21% | |||
* Ischemia- reperfusion of the gut during variceal hemorrhage has also been proposed to interfere with the normal function of the reticuloendothelial system and to increase permeability of the intestinal mucosa. | |||
* Survivors of a prior episode of SBP are at an increased risk of recurrence with a one-year probability of almost 70%. | |||
* Minimally invasive procedures such as intravenous and urinary bladder catheterization likely predisposes to bacteremia and SBP in the cirrhotics. | |||
* Low complement concentration ([[C3 (complement)|complement 3]]) in ascitic fluid <ref name="pmid20120777">{{cite journal |author=Mustafa MG, Al Mamun MA, Alam AK |title=Study on ascitic fluid protein level in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis |journal=Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=41–3 |year=2009 |month=August |pmid=20120777 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | * Low complement concentration ([[C3 (complement)|complement 3]]) in ascitic fluid <ref name="pmid20120777">{{cite journal |author=Mustafa MG, Al Mamun MA, Alam AK |title=Study on ascitic fluid protein level in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis |journal=Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=41–3 |year=2009 |month=August |pmid=20120777 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* [[Renal failure]] | * [[Renal failure]] | ||
* [[Urinary tract infections]] | * [[Urinary tract infections]] | ||
* Intestinal [[bacterial overgrowth]] <ref name="pmid16782626">{{cite journal |author=van Erpecum KJ |title=Ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with liver cirrhosis |journal=Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. |volume= |issue=243 |pages=79–84 |year=2006 |pmid=16782626 |doi=10.1080/00365520600664342 |url=}}</ref> | * Intestinal [[bacterial overgrowth]] <ref name="pmid16782626">{{cite journal |author=van Erpecum KJ |title=Ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with liver cirrhosis |journal=Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. |volume= |issue=243 |pages=79–84 |year=2006 |pmid=16782626 |doi=10.1080/00365520600664342 |url=}}</ref> | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis include liver cirrhosis, renal failure, low protein levels in ascitic fluid, low complement concentration (complement 3) in ascitic fluid, urinary tract infections, and intestinal bacterial overgrowth.
Risk Factors
Risk factors include
- All cirrhotic patients with ascites
- Severe liver disease (Cirrhosis)
- Additional factors which can further increase susceptibility include:
- Low protein level in ascitic fluid [1]
- Upper GI bleeding poses a risk of bacteremia and SBP in a cirrhotic patient with rates of infection ranging from 17 to 21%
- Ischemia- reperfusion of the gut during variceal hemorrhage has also been proposed to interfere with the normal function of the reticuloendothelial system and to increase permeability of the intestinal mucosa.
- Survivors of a prior episode of SBP are at an increased risk of recurrence with a one-year probability of almost 70%.
- Minimally invasive procedures such as intravenous and urinary bladder catheterization likely predisposes to bacteremia and SBP in the cirrhotics.
- Low complement concentration (complement 3) in ascitic fluid [1]
- Renal failure
- Urinary tract infections
- Intestinal bacterial overgrowth [2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mustafa MG, Al Mamun MA, Alam AK (2009). "Study on ascitic fluid protein level in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis". Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull. 35 (2): 41–3. PMID 20120777. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ van Erpecum KJ (2006). "Ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with liver cirrhosis". Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. (243): 79–84. doi:10.1080/00365520600664342. PMID 16782626.