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Latest revision as of 00:15, 30 July 2020

Peritonitis main page

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shivani Chaparala M.B.B.S [2] Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [3]

Overview

Common risk factors in cirrhotic patients with ascites include: low protein level in ascitic fluid (<1 g/dL), upper GI bleeding, low complement concentration (complement 3) in ascitic fluid, renal failure, elevated serum bilirubin level (>4 mg/dL), use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in cirrhotic patients have an increased risk, Child-Pugh stage C, Model For End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) ≥ 22.

Risk Factors

Risk factors include:[1]

Factors contributing to the infection include:

Risk Factors for SBP
Biochemical Clinical Genetic Pharmacological

Well-established risk factors for developing an initial episode of SBP are :

  • Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are associated with a three-fold increase in the risk and identified as an independent risk factor for SBP in patients with advanced cirrhosis. [8]

References

  1. Sheer TA, Runyon BA (2005). "Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis". Dig Dis. 23 (1): 39–46. doi:10.1159/000084724. PMID 15920324.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Andreu M, Sola R, Sitges-Serra A, Alia C, Gallen M, Vila MC; et al. (1993). "Risk factors for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites". Gastroenterology. 104 (4): 1133–8. PMID 8462803.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Mustafa MG, Al Mamun MA, Alam AK (2009). "Study on ascitic fluid protein level in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis". Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull. 35 (2): 41–3. PMID 20120777.
  4. van Erpecum KJ (2006). "Ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with liver cirrhosis". Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. (243): 79–84. doi:10.1080/00365520600664342. PMID 16782626.
  5. Mandorfer M, Bota S, Schwabl P, Bucsics T, Pfisterer N, Kruzik M; et al. (2014). "Nonselective β blockers increase risk for hepatorenal syndrome and death in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis". Gastroenterology. 146 (7): 1680–90.e1. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.03.005. PMID 24631577.
  6. Nischalke HD, Berger C, Aldenhoff K, Thyssen L, Gentemann M, Grünhage F; et al. (2011). "Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 promoter and intron 2 polymorphisms are associated with increased risk for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver cirrhosis". J Hepatol. 55 (5): 1010–6. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2011.02.022. PMID 21356257.
  7. Appenrodt B, Grünhage F, Gentemann MG, Thyssen L, Sauerbruch T, Lammert F (2010). "Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) variants are genetic risk factors for death and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver cirrhosis". Hepatology. 51 (4): 1327–33. doi:10.1002/hep.23440. PMID 20087966.
  8. Dam, Gitte; Vilstrup, Hendrik; Watson, Hugh; Jepsen, Peter (2016). "Proton pump inhibitors as a risk factor for hepatic encephalopathy and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis with ascites". Hepatology. 64 (4): 1265–1272. doi:10.1002/hep.28737. ISSN 0270-9139.

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