Somatoform disorder: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
mNo edit summary
 
(4 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
'''For patient information click [[Somatoform disorder (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information click [[Somatoform disorder (patient information)|here]]'''


Line 25: Line 26:


A diagnosis of a somatoform disorder implies that psychological factors are a large contributor to the symptoms' onset, severity and duration. It is important to note that somatoform disorders are not the result of conscious [[malingering]] or [[factitious disorders]].
A diagnosis of a somatoform disorder implies that psychological factors are a large contributor to the symptoms' onset, severity and duration. It is important to note that somatoform disorders are not the result of conscious [[malingering]] or [[factitious disorders]].
In [[psychology]], a '''somatoform disorder''' is a [[mental disorder]] characterized by physical symptoms that suggest [[physical illness]] or injury – symptoms that cannot be explained fully by a general medical condition, direct effect of a substance, or attributable to another mental disorder (e.g. [[panic disorder]]).<ref name="dsm-iv">American Psychiatric Association. Task Force on DSM-IV. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR. American Psychiatric Pub. ISBN 978-0-89042-025-6. pp 485</ref> The symptoms that result from a somatoform disorder are due to mental factors. In people who have a somatoform disorder, medical test results are either normal or do not explain the person's symptoms. Patients with this disorder often become worried about their health because the doctors are unable to find a cause for their health problems. This causes severe stress, due to preoccupations with the disorder that portrays an exaggerated belief about the severity of the disorder.<ref>Oyama, Oliver. "Somatoform Disorders – November 1, 2007 – American Family Physician." Website – American Academy of Family Physicians. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. <http://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/1101/p1333.html>.</ref> Symptoms are sometimes similar to those of other illnesses and may last for several years. Usually, the symptoms begin appearing during adolescence, and patients are diagnosed before the age of 30 years.<ref name="pmid9107152">{{cite journal |author=La France, Jr. W. Kurt |title=Somatoform disorders |journal=Seminars in Neurology |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=234–46 |year=2009 |pmid= 19551600|doi=10.1055/s-0029-1223875}}</ref> Symptoms may occur across cultures and gender.<ref>{{cite journal|last=LaFrance|first=W. Curt|title=Jr., MD., MPH|journal=Somatoform Disorders|year=2009|series=29|pages=234–246}}</ref>  Other common symptoms include anxiety and depression.<ref name="pmid9107152"/> In order for an individual to be diagnosed with somatoform disorder, they must have recurring somatic complaints for several continuous years.<ref name="pmid9107152"/>
Somatoform disorders are not the result of conscious [[malingering]] (fabricating or exaggerating symptoms for secondary motives) or [[factitious disorders]] (deliberately producing, feigning, or exaggerating symptoms) – sufferers perceive their plight as real. Additionally, a somatoform disorder should not be confused with the more specific diagnosis of a [[somatization disorder]].
Mental disorders are treated separately from physiological or neurological disorders. Somatoform disorder is difficult to diagnose and treat since doing so requires psychiatrists to work with neurologists on patients with this disorder.<ref>{{cite journal |author=LaFrance, C.W. |title=Somatoform Disorders| journal = SEMINARS IN NEUROLOGY, V. 29 (3), 06/2009, pp. 234–246}}</ref> Those that do not pass the diagnostic criteria for a somatoform disorder but still present physical symptoms are usually referred to as having "somatic preoccupation".<ref>Oyama, O., Paltoo, C., & Greengold, J. (2007). Somatoform disorders. American Family Physician, 76(9), 1333-8. http://search.proquest.com/docview/234242021?accountid=14771</ref>


==Recognized somatoform disorders==
==Recognized somatoform disorders==
Line 34: Line 40:
*[[Pain disorder]]
*[[Pain disorder]]
*[[Undifferentiated somatoform disorder]] - only one unexplained symptom is required for at least 6 months
*[[Undifferentiated somatoform disorder]] - only one unexplained symptom is required for at least 6 months
*[[Somatoform disorder NOS]]
 
Included among these disorders are false pregnancy, psychogenic urinary retention, and mass psychogenic illness (so-called mass hysteria).
 
*Somatoform disorder Not Otherwise Specified (NOS)<ref>{{Cite journal | url = http://books.google.com/?id=FjFRlHUdrXIC&lpg=PA444&dq=Somatoform%20disorder%20Not%20otherwise%20specified&pg=PA444#v=onepage&q=Somatoform%20disorder%20Not%20otherwise%20specified&f=false | title = Essentials of Clinical Psychiatry | isbn = 9781585620333 | author1 = Hales | first1 = Robert E | last2 = Yudofsky | first2 = Stuart C | year = 2004}}</ref>
 
The [[ICD-10]] classifies conversion disorder as a [[dissociative disorder]].


==Proposed somatoform disorders==
==Proposed somatoform disorders==
Line 46: Line 57:
* [[Multisomatoform disorder]] - 24%
* [[Multisomatoform disorder]] - 24%
* [[Undifferentiated somatoform disorder]] - 79%
* [[Undifferentiated somatoform disorder]] - 79%
==Diagnosis==
===DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic Criteria for Somatization Disorder===
The [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]] fourth edition, DSM IV-TR,defines somatization disorder as<ref name="DSM-IV-TR">[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]] Fourth edition Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) [[American Psychiatric Association]] (2000)</ref>:
A. A history of many physical complaints beginning before age 30 years, occurring over several years, resulting in
seeking treatment, or significant impairment.
B. Each one of the following criteria must have been met, with individual symptoms occurring at any time:
1. Four pain symptoms (related to different sites or functions)
2. Two gastrointestinal symptoms (other than pain)
3. One sexual symptom (other than pain)
4. One "pseudoneurological" symptom (not limited to pain)
C. Either (1) or (2):
1. after appropriate investigation, each of the symptoms cannot be fully explained by a known general medical condition (GMC) or direct effects of a substance.
2. when there is a related GMC, the physical complaints or resulting impairment are in excess of what would be expected from the history, physical examination, or
laboratory findings.
D. The symptoms are not intentionally produced or feigned(as in factitious disorder or malingering).
===Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15)===
The Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) can help diagnose somatoform disorders.<ref>Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Löwe B. The Patient Health Questionnaire
Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom Scales: a systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2010;32(4):345-59. {{DOI|10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006}}. {{PMID|20633738}}</ref><ref>Zijlema WL, Stolk RP, Löwe B, Rief W; BioSHaRE, White PD, Rosmalen JG. How to
assess common somatic symptoms in large-scale studies: a systematic review of questionnaires. J Psychosom Res. 2013;74(6):459-68. {{DOI|10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.03.093}}. {{PMID|23731742}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
{{Mental and behavioural disorders}}
{{Mental-health-stub}}


[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Somatoform disorders]]
[[Category:Somatoform disorders]]
[[Category:Overview complete]]
[[Category:Overview complete]]
   
   
Line 61: Line 101:
[[nl:Somatoforme stoornis]]
[[nl:Somatoforme stoornis]]
[[pl:Zaburzenia somatoformiczne]]
[[pl:Zaburzenia somatoformiczne]]
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
{{WH}}

Latest revision as of 04:05, 3 July 2015

For patient information click here

Somatoform disorder
ICD-10 F45
ICD-9 300.8
DiseasesDB 1645
MedlinePlus 000955
MeSH D013001

WikiDoc Resources for Somatoform disorder

Articles

Most recent articles on Somatoform disorder

Most cited articles on Somatoform disorder

Review articles on Somatoform disorder

Articles on Somatoform disorder in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Somatoform disorder

Images of Somatoform disorder

Photos of Somatoform disorder

Podcasts & MP3s on Somatoform disorder

Videos on Somatoform disorder

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Somatoform disorder

Bandolier on Somatoform disorder

TRIP on Somatoform disorder

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Somatoform disorder at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Somatoform disorder

Clinical Trials on Somatoform disorder at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Somatoform disorder

NICE Guidance on Somatoform disorder

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Somatoform disorder

CDC on Somatoform disorder

Books

Books on Somatoform disorder

News

Somatoform disorder in the news

Be alerted to news on Somatoform disorder

News trends on Somatoform disorder

Commentary

Blogs on Somatoform disorder

Definitions

Definitions of Somatoform disorder

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Somatoform disorder

Discussion groups on Somatoform disorder

Patient Handouts on Somatoform disorder

Directions to Hospitals Treating Somatoform disorder

Risk calculators and risk factors for Somatoform disorder

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Somatoform disorder

Causes & Risk Factors for Somatoform disorder

Diagnostic studies for Somatoform disorder

Treatment of Somatoform disorder

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Somatoform disorder

International

Somatoform disorder en Espanol

Somatoform disorder en Francais

Business

Somatoform disorder in the Marketplace

Patents on Somatoform disorder

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Somatoform disorder

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and Keywords: Functional disorders or Psychophysiological disorder or Psychosomatic disorders or Somatization disorders or Briquet syndrome or CFS or Chronic fatigue syndromes or Conversion disorder.

Overview

Somatoform disorders are physical ailments (such as pain, nausea, depression, dizziness) or concerns for which no adequate medical explanation has been found. Somatoform disorders are physical symptoms that seem as if they are part of a general medical condition. However, no general medical condition, other mental disorder, or substance is present. The complaints are serious enough to cause significant emotional distress and impairment of social and/or occupational functioning.

A diagnosis of a somatoform disorder implies that psychological factors are a large contributor to the symptoms' onset, severity and duration. It is important to note that somatoform disorders are not the result of conscious malingering or factitious disorders.

In psychology, a somatoform disorder is a mental disorder characterized by physical symptoms that suggest physical illness or injury – symptoms that cannot be explained fully by a general medical condition, direct effect of a substance, or attributable to another mental disorder (e.g. panic disorder).[1] The symptoms that result from a somatoform disorder are due to mental factors. In people who have a somatoform disorder, medical test results are either normal or do not explain the person's symptoms. Patients with this disorder often become worried about their health because the doctors are unable to find a cause for their health problems. This causes severe stress, due to preoccupations with the disorder that portrays an exaggerated belief about the severity of the disorder.[2] Symptoms are sometimes similar to those of other illnesses and may last for several years. Usually, the symptoms begin appearing during adolescence, and patients are diagnosed before the age of 30 years.[3] Symptoms may occur across cultures and gender.[4] Other common symptoms include anxiety and depression.[3] In order for an individual to be diagnosed with somatoform disorder, they must have recurring somatic complaints for several continuous years.[3]

Somatoform disorders are not the result of conscious malingering (fabricating or exaggerating symptoms for secondary motives) or factitious disorders (deliberately producing, feigning, or exaggerating symptoms) – sufferers perceive their plight as real. Additionally, a somatoform disorder should not be confused with the more specific diagnosis of a somatization disorder. Mental disorders are treated separately from physiological or neurological disorders. Somatoform disorder is difficult to diagnose and treat since doing so requires psychiatrists to work with neurologists on patients with this disorder.[5] Those that do not pass the diagnostic criteria for a somatoform disorder but still present physical symptoms are usually referred to as having "somatic preoccupation".[6]

Recognized somatoform disorders

The somatoform disorders recognized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Association are:

Included among these disorders are false pregnancy, psychogenic urinary retention, and mass psychogenic illness (so-called mass hysteria).

  • Somatoform disorder Not Otherwise Specified (NOS)[7]

The ICD-10 classifies conversion disorder as a dissociative disorder.

Proposed somatoform disorders

Additional proposed somatoform disorders are:

These disorders have been proposed because the recognized somatoform disorders are either too restrictive or too broad. In a study of 119 primary care patients, the following prevalences were found[9]:

Diagnosis

DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic Criteria for Somatization Disorder

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition, DSM IV-TR,defines somatization disorder as[10]:

A. A history of many physical complaints beginning before age 30 years, occurring over several years, resulting in seeking treatment, or significant impairment.

B. Each one of the following criteria must have been met, with individual symptoms occurring at any time:

1. Four pain symptoms (related to different sites or functions)

2. Two gastrointestinal symptoms (other than pain)

3. One sexual symptom (other than pain)

4. One "pseudoneurological" symptom (not limited to pain)

C. Either (1) or (2):

1. after appropriate investigation, each of the symptoms cannot be fully explained by a known general medical condition (GMC) or direct effects of a substance.

2. when there is a related GMC, the physical complaints or resulting impairment are in excess of what would be expected from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings.

D. The symptoms are not intentionally produced or feigned(as in factitious disorder or malingering).

Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15)

The Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) can help diagnose somatoform disorders.[11][12]

References

  1. American Psychiatric Association. Task Force on DSM-IV. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR. American Psychiatric Pub. ISBN 978-0-89042-025-6. pp 485
  2. Oyama, Oliver. "Somatoform Disorders – November 1, 2007 – American Family Physician." Website – American Academy of Family Physicians. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. <http://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/1101/p1333.html>.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 La France, Jr. W. Kurt (2009). "Somatoform disorders". Seminars in Neurology. 29 (3): 234–46. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1223875. PMID 19551600.
  4. LaFrance, W. Curt (2009). "Jr., MD., MPH". Somatoform Disorders. 29: 234–246.
  5. LaFrance, C.W. "Somatoform Disorders". SEMINARS IN NEUROLOGY, V. 29 (3), 06/2009, pp. 234–246.
  6. Oyama, O., Paltoo, C., & Greengold, J. (2007). Somatoform disorders. American Family Physician, 76(9), 1333-8. http://search.proquest.com/docview/234242021?accountid=14771
  7. Hales, Robert E; Yudofsky, Stuart C (2004). "Essentials of Clinical Psychiatry". ISBN 9781585620333.
  8. Escobar JI, Rubio-Stipec M, Canino G, Karno M (1989). "Somatic symptom index (SSI): a new and abridged somatization construct. Prevalence and epidemiological correlates in two large community samples". J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 177 (3): 140–6. PMID 2918297.
  9. Lynch DJ, McGrady A, Nagel R, Zsembik C (1999). "Somatization in Family Practice: Comparing 5 Methods of Classification". 1 (3): 85–89. PMID 15014690.
  10. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth edition Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) American Psychiatric Association (2000)
  11. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Löwe B. The Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom Scales: a systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2010;32(4):345-59. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006. PMID 20633738
  12. Zijlema WL, Stolk RP, Löwe B, Rief W; BioSHaRE, White PD, Rosmalen JG. How to assess common somatic symptoms in large-scale studies: a systematic review of questionnaires. J Psychosom Res. 2013;74(6):459-68. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.03.093. PMID 23731742

he: הפרעה סומטופורמית is:Geðvefrænir sjúkdómar nl:Somatoforme stoornis


Template:WikiDoc Sources Template:WH