Sodium monofluorophosphate: Difference between revisions

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|IUPACName=disodium fluoro-dioxido-oxophosphorane
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| Formula=FNa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>P
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{{SI}}
<!--Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)-->
'''Sodium monofluorophosphate''' (also '''disodium monofluorophosphate''' or '''MFP''') is a chemical with the formula Na<sub>2</sub>FPO<sub>3</sub>. Its molecular weight is 143.95 g/mol. Typical for a salt, MFP is odorless, colorless, and water-soluble. It melts at 625 ºC.
 
<!--Guideline-Supported Use (Adult)-->
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==Uses of MFP==
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MFP is best known as an ingredient in [[toothpaste]]s for both humans and animals. It is claimed to protect tooth enamel from attack by bacteria that cause [[dental caries]] (cavities). Though developed by a chemist at Procter and Gamble, its use in toothpaste  Colgate toothpaste) was patented by Colgate-Palmolive, as Procter and Gamble was engaged in the marketing of Crest toothpaste (containing [[stannous fluoride]], marketed as "Fluoristan"). In the early 1980s, Crest was reformulated to use MFP, under the trademark "Fluoristat."
<!--Clinical Studies-->
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MFP is also used in some medications for the treatment of [[osteoporosis]].
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In 1991, sodium monofluorophosphate was found by Calgon to inhibit the solubility of [[lead]] in drinking water when used in concentrations between 0.1 mg/L and 500 mg/L.<ref>Peter Meiers [http://www.fluoride-history.de/p-mfp.htm Monofluorophosphate History]</ref>
<!--Precautions with Alcohol-->
|alcohol=* Alcohol-{{PAGENAME}} interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.


==Tooth decay==
<!--Brand Names-->
Tooth decay is caused by bacteria normally present in one's mouth. These bacteria form a sticky, colorless soft film on the teeth called [[Dental plaque|plaque]]. When foods containing [[carbohydrate]]s, ([[starch|starches]], and [[sugar]]s) are eaten, the bacteria that form plaque use the sugar as a form of energy. They also turn it into a glue-like substance that helps them stick to the surface of the tooth. The plaque produces [[acid]] , which attacks the [[tooth enamel|enamel]].<ref>Healthy Teeth [http://www.healthyteeth.org]</ref>
|brandNames=* ®<ref>{{Cite web | title =  | url = }}</ref>


===Chemistry of decay===
<!--Look-Alike Drug Names-->
Tooth enamel consists mostly of calcium hydroxyphosphate, Ca<sub>5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>OH, also known as the mineral [[apatite]]. Apatite is a hard, insoluble compound. Acid (H<sup>+</sup>), produced especially after a high-sugar meal, attack the apatite:
|lookAlike=* A® — B®<ref name="www.ismp.org">{{Cite web | last = | first = | title = http://www.ismp.org | url = http://www.ismp.org | publisher = | date = }}</ref>
:Ca<sub>5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>OH<sub>(s)</sub+ H<sup>+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> →  Ca<sub>5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(l)</sub>


===Chemistry of enamel fluoridation===
<!--Drug Shortage Status-->
The degradation of apatite by loss of OH<sup>-</sup> causes the enamel to dissolve.  The process is reversible as saliva supplies back OH<sup>-</sup>  to reform apatite. If fluoride, F<sup>-</sup>, ions are present in saliva, fluorapatite, Ca<sub>5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>F, also forms.
|drugShortage=
:Ca<sub>5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub>  +  F<sup>-</sup><sub>(aq)</sub>  →  Ca<sub>5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>F<sub>(s)</sub>  
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Fluorapatite resists attacks by acids better than apatite itself, so the tooth enamel resists decay better than enamel containing no fluoride.<ref>Davis, R. E., Ph.D., Metcalfe, H. C., Williams, J. E., Castka, J. F. (1999). ''Modern Chemistry''. Austin, TX: Harcourt Brace & Company.</ref>


==Preparation==
MFP is prepared by heating a difluorophosphate solution in dilute [[sodium hydroxide]].


:PO<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub><sup>2-</sup><sub>(aq)</sub>  +  2 NaOH<sub>(aq)</sub>  →  Na<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>3</sub>F<sub>(aq)</sub>  +  2 HF<sub>(aq)</sub>
<!--Label Display Image-->


==Discovery and development==
Sodium monofluorophosphate was first described in 1929 by the German chemist Dr. Willy Lange, who was then with the University of Berlin. His fruitless attempts to prepare the free monofluorophosphoric acid led him to check the stability of its esters. Together with Gerda von Krueger, one of his students, Lange thus synthesized diethyl fluorophosphate and some analogs, which proved to be quite toxic; the first nerve agents were discovered. In the 1930's, Gerhard Schrader, working for the German company IG Farben, tried to develop synthetic insecticide. His work focused on esters of phosphoric acid and resulted in an accidental discovery of some other nerve agents such as DFP (= di-isopropyl fluorophosphate), [[Tabun (nerve agent)|Tabun]], Soman, and Sarin. In the meantime, Lange -who was married to a Jewish woman- emigrated from Germany to the United States and started work for Procter and Gamble Company. In 1947, he and Ralph Livingston of Monsanto Company published
reports on the preparation of the free fluorophosphoric acids and mentioned the use of some toxic esters of monofluorophosphoric acid (like DFP) in the treatment of [[glaucoma]] and [[myasthenia gravis]]. The well known toxicity of these esters led to fears that the simple salts might also be toxic, and such fears precluded any large scale commercial use of the salts. In 1950, under sponsorship of the manufacturer of the compounds, Ozark Chemical Company, the toxicity of sodium monofluorophosphate was studied by Harold C. Hodge at the University of Rochester who included anti-cavity testing. In 1967 Colgate-Palmolive filed several patents on the use of sodium monofluorophosphate in toothpaste.<ref>Peter Meiers [http://www.fluoride-history.de/p-mfp.htm Monofluorophosphate History]</ref>


==Content and toxicity==
The usual content of MFP in toothpaste is 0.76%. It is not used for water fluoridation. Currently accepted research indicates that by using such toothpaste, cavities may be reduced 17-38%.


The compound is not very toxic. ([[LD50|LD<sub>50</sub>]] in rats = 0.9 g/kg).


==Structure of fluorophosphate==
The structure of the fluorophosphate anion consists of [[phosphorus]] at the center of a tetrahedron defined by three [[oxygen]] atoms and one [[fluorine]]. Formal representations depict a double bond between one oxygen atom and phosphorus, with single bonds for the other two oxygen atoms and the fluorine. In this very formal depiction, negative charge is localized on the O atoms of the single P-O bonds. MFP is similar to and [[isoelectronic]] with Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>.


==References==
<!--Category-->
{{reflist|2}}
</div>


{{Stomatological preparations}}
[[Category:Drug]]
{{Mineral supplements}}
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Phosphates]]
[[Category:Fluorides]]
[[Category:Sodium compounds]]
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Revision as of 15:26, 30 January 2015

Sodium monofluorophosphate
Black Box Warning
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

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Black Box Warning

ConditionName:
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
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  • Content

Overview

Sodium monofluorophosphate is a {{{drugClass}}} that is FDA approved for the {{{indicationType}}} of {{{indication}}}. There is a Black Box Warning for this drug as shown here. Common adverse reactions include .

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

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Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

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  • Developed by:
  • Class of Recommendation:
  • Strength of Evidence:
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Sodium monofluorophosphate in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Sodium monofluorophosphate in adult patients.

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding FDA-Labeled Use of Sodium monofluorophosphate in pediatric patients.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Developed by:
  • Class of Recommendation:
  • Strength of Evidence:
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Sodium monofluorophosphate in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Sodium monofluorophosphate in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

  • Condition1

Warnings

ConditionName:
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
ConditionName:
  • Content
  • Description

Precautions

  • Description

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

There is limited information regarding Clinical Trial Experience of Sodium monofluorophosphate in the drug label.

Body as a Whole
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Hematologic and Lymphatic
Metabolic and Nutritional
Musculoskeletal
Neurologic
Respiratory
Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions
Special Senses
Urogenital
Miscellaneous

Postmarketing Experience

There is limited information regarding Postmarketing Experience of Sodium monofluorophosphate in the drug label.

Body as a Whole
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Hematologic and Lymphatic
Metabolic and Nutritional
Musculoskeletal
Neurologic
Respiratory
Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions
Special Senses
Urogenital
Miscellaneous

Drug Interactions

  • Drug
  • Description

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA):

  • Pregnancy Category


Pregnancy Category (AUS):

  • Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category

There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Sodium monofluorophosphate in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

There is no FDA guidance on use of Sodium monofluorophosphate during labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Sodium monofluorophosphate with respect to nursing mothers.

Pediatric Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Sodium monofluorophosphate with respect to pediatric patients.

Geriatic Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Sodium monofluorophosphate with respect to geriatric patients.

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Sodium monofluorophosphate with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Sodium monofluorophosphate with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Sodium monofluorophosphate in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Sodium monofluorophosphate in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Sodium monofluorophosphate in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Sodium monofluorophosphate in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

  • Oral
  • Intravenous

Monitoring

There is limited information regarding Monitoring of Sodium monofluorophosphate in the drug label.

  • Description

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding IV Compatibility of Sodium monofluorophosphate in the drug label.

Overdosage

Acute Overdose

Signs and Symptoms

  • Description

Management

  • Description

Chronic Overdose

There is limited information regarding Chronic Overdose of Sodium monofluorophosphate in the drug label.

Pharmacology

There is limited information regarding Sodium monofluorophosphate Pharmacology in the drug label.

Mechanism of Action

Structure

File:Sodium monofluorophosphate01.png
This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

Pharmacodynamics

There is limited information regarding Pharmacodynamics of Sodium monofluorophosphate in the drug label.

Pharmacokinetics

There is limited information regarding Pharmacokinetics of Sodium monofluorophosphate in the drug label.

Nonclinical Toxicology

There is limited information regarding Nonclinical Toxicology of Sodium monofluorophosphate in the drug label.

Clinical Studies

There is limited information regarding Clinical Studies of Sodium monofluorophosphate in the drug label.

How Supplied

Storage

There is limited information regarding Sodium monofluorophosphate Storage in the drug label.

Images

Drug Images

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Package and Label Display Panel

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Patient Counseling Information

There is limited information regarding Patient Counseling Information of Sodium monofluorophosphate in the drug label.

Precautions with Alcohol

  • Alcohol-Sodium monofluorophosphate interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

Look-Alike Drug Names

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

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