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'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
{{Small cell carcinoma of the lung}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}} {{MGS}}{{SH}}


{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
'''''Synonyms and related keywords:''''' Oat cell carcinoma; Oat cell cancer; reserve cell carcinoma; round cell carcinoma; small cell lung carcinoma; SCLC
  Name          = Oat cell carcinoma |
==[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung overview|Overview]]==
  ICD10          = |
  ICD9          = |
  ICDO          = |
  Image          = Lung small cell carcinoma (1) by core needle biopsy.jpg|
  Caption        = Histopathologic image of small cell carcinoma of the lung. CT-guided core needle biopsy. H & E stain.|
  OMIM          = |
  OMIM_mult      = |
  MedlinePlus    = 000122 |
  DiseasesDB    = |
  MeshID        = D018288 |
}}
{{Search infobox}}
{{CMG}}


{{Editor Help}}
==[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


'''''Synonyms and related keywords:''''' ''Oat Cell Carcinoma, Reserve Cell Carcinoma, Round Cell Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung Cancer''
==[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


==Overview==
==[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung causes|Causes]]==


'''Small cell carcinoma of the lung''' is an anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. There are admixtures of small cell lung carcinoma with other types of lung cancer. Small cell carcinomas are distinguished by their distinctive biological features, response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and by their nearly universal tendency to develop overt or subclinical metastases, which frequently eliminates surgery in most patients.
==[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung differential diagnosis|Differentiating Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung from other Diseases]]==


Without treatment, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has the most aggressive clinical course of any type of pulmonary tumor, with median survival from diagnosis of only 2 to 4 months. Compared with other cell types of lung cancer, SCLC has a greater tendency to be widely disseminated by the time of diagnosis but is much more responsive to chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
==[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


Because patients with small cell lung cancer tend to develop distant metastases, localized forms of treatment, such as surgical resection or radiation therapy, rarely produce long-term survival. With incorporation of current chemotherapy regimens into the treatment program, however, survival is unequivocally prolonged, with at least a 4- to 5-fold improvement in median survival compared with patients who are given no therapy. Furthermore, about 10% of the total population of patients remains free of disease during 2 years from the start of therapy, the time period during which most relapses occur. Even these patients, however, are at risk of dying from lung cancer (both small- and non-small cell types). The overall survival at 5 years is 5% to 10%.
==[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


==Limited-stage disease==
==[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung screening|Screening]]==


At the time of diagnosis, approximately 30% of patients with SCLC will have tumor confined to the hemithorax of origin, the mediastinum, or the supraclavicular lymph nodes. These patients are designated as having limited-stage disease, and most 2-year disease-free survivors come from this group. In limited-stage disease, median survival of 16 to 24 months with current forms of treatment can reasonably be expected. A small proportion of patients with limited-stage disease may benefit from surgery with or without adjuvant chemotherapy; these patients have an even better prognosis.
==[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung natural history|Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis]]==


== Extensive-stage disease==
==Diagnosis==
[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung staging|Staging]] | [[Small cell carcinoma of the lung diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic study of choice]] | [[Small cell carcinoma of the lung history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Small cell carcinoma of the lung physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Small cell carcinoma of the lung laboratory tests|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Small cell carcinoma of the lung chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Small cell carcinoma of the lung CT|CT]] | [[Small cell carcinoma of the lung MRI|MRI]] | [[Small cell carcinoma of the lung other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Small cell carcinoma of the lung other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


Patients with tumors that have spread beyond the supraclavicular areas are said to have extensive-stage disease and have a worse prognosis than patients with limited-stage disease. Median survival of 6 to 12 months is reported with currently available therapy, but long-term disease-free survival is rare.
==Treatment==
[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Small cell carcinoma of the lung surgery|Surgery]] | [[Small cell carcinoma of the lung prevention|Prevention]] | [[Small cell carcinoma of the lung future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


==Prognostic factors==
==Case Studies==


The pretreatment prognostic factors that consistently predict for prolonged survival include good performance status, female gender, and limited-stage disease. Patients with involvement of the central nervous system or liver at the time of diagnosis have a significantly worse outcome. In general, patients who are confined to bed tolerate aggressive forms of treatment poorly, have increased morbidity, and rarely attain 2-year disease-free survival; however, patients with poor performance status can often derive significant palliative benefit and prolongation of survival from treatment.
[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung case study one|Case #1]]


Regardless of stage, the current prognosis for patients with SCLC is unsatisfactory even though considerable improvements in diagnosis and therapy have been made during the past 10 to 15 years.
==Related Chapters==
 
==Chest X-Ray==
 
<gallery>
Image:Small Cell Lung CA 001.jpg|
Image:Small Cell Lung CA 002.jpg|
Image:Small Cell Lung CA 003.jpg|
</gallery>
 
 
==Pathological Findings==
[http://www.peir.net Images courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology]
 
<div align="left">
<gallery heights="175" widths="175">
image:Oat cell carcinoma.jpg|Histopathologic image of oat cell carcinoma of the lung. Gross fixed tissue opened bronchus at hilum showing tumor close-up.
Image:SCC2.jpg|Lung: Carcinoma: Gross natural color good photo of left upper lobe neoplasm extending into mediastinal pleura and surrounding portion of aorta node metastasis easily seen small cell carcinoma (unusual spindle cell areas)
</gallery>
</div>
 
== References ==
* {{GPNotebook|-986382333}}
 
==See Also==
* [[Lung Cancer]]
* [[Lung Cancer]]


==External links==
*[http://www.ii.bham.ac.uk/clinicalimmunology/Neuroimmunology/Hu.htm Neuroimmunology] - by Abid R Karim, Birmingham UK, at [[University of Birmingham Medical School]]
*[http://www.som.tulane.edu/classware/pathology/medical_pathology/New_for_98/Lung_Review/Lung-12.html Image] at [[Tulane University]]
<br>
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[[Category:Disease state]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Lung cancer]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
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Latest revision as of 19:18, 15 March 2018

For patient information click here

Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Radiation Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mirdula Sharma, MBBS [2]Dildar Hussain, MBBS [3]

Synonyms and related keywords: Oat cell carcinoma; Oat cell cancer; reserve cell carcinoma; round cell carcinoma; small cell lung carcinoma; SCLC

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Staging | Diagnostic study of choice | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical therapy | Surgery | Prevention | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

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