Secondary peritonitis causes: Difference between revisions
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| valign="top" | '''''Perforation of a hollow viscus''''' (most common cause of peritonitis) | | valign="top" | '''''Perforation of a hollow viscus''''' (most common cause of peritonitis) | ||
* Perforation of the [[Esophagus|distal esophagus]] ([[Boerhaave syndrome]]) | * Perforation of the [[Esophagus|distal esophagus]] ([[Boerhaave syndrome]]) | ||
* Perforation of the [[stomach]] ([[peptic ulcer]], [[Gastric carcinoma]]) | * Perforation of the [[stomach]] ([[peptic ulcer]], [[Gastric carcinoma]]) | ||
* Perforation of the [[duodenum]] ([[peptic ulcer]]) | * Perforation of the [[duodenum]] ([[peptic ulcer]]) | ||
* Perforations of the remaining [[intestine]] (e.g. [[Appendicitis]], [[Diverticulitis]], [[Meckel diverticulum]], [[IBD]], [[Intestinal infarction]], [[Intestinal strangulation]], [[Colorectal carcinoma]], [[Meconium peritonitis]]) | * Perforations of the remaining [[intestine]] (e.g. [[Appendicitis]], [[Diverticulitis]], [[Meckel diverticulum]], [[IBD]], [[Intestinal infarction]], [[Intestinal strangulation]], [[Colorectal carcinoma]], [[Meconium peritonitis]]) | ||
*Perforation of the [[gallbladder]] ([[cholecystitis]]) | *Perforation of the [[gallbladder]] ([[cholecystitis]]) | ||
'''Other possible causes for perforation''' | '''Other possible causes for perforation''' | ||
* [[Trauma]] | * [[Trauma]] | ||
* Ingestion of a sharp [[foreign body]] (such as a fish bone) | * Ingestion of a sharp [[foreign body]] (such as a fish bone) | ||
* Perforation by an [[endoscope]] or [[catheter]] | * Perforation by an [[endoscope]] or [[catheter]] | ||
''' Most common organisms''' | ''' Most common organisms:''' mixed [[bacteria]] | ||
*[[Gram-negative bacilli]] (e.g. [[Escherichia coli]]), [[Anaerobic bacteria]] (e.g. [[Bacteroides fragilis]]) | *[[Gram-negative bacilli]] (e.g. [[Escherichia coli]]), [[Anaerobic bacteria]] (e.g. [[Bacteroides fragilis]]) | ||
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* [[Trauma]] | * [[Trauma]] | ||
* [[Surgical wound]] | * [[Surgical wound]] | ||
* [[Peritoneal dialysis]] | * [[Peritoneal dialysis]] | ||
* [[Chemotherapy]] | * [[Chemotherapy]] | ||
''' Most common organisms''' | ''' Most common organisms''' | ||
* Mixed [[bacteria]] | * Mixed [[bacteria]] | ||
* [[Staphylococcus aureus]] | * [[Staphylococcus aureus]] | ||
* [[Coagulase-negative staphylococci]] | * [[Coagulase-negative staphylococci]] | ||
* [[Fungi]] such as [[Candida]] | * [[Fungi]] such as [[Candida]] | ||
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Revision as of 23:51, 4 February 2017
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Secondary Peritonitis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Secondary peritonitis causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Secondary peritonitis causes |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Secondary peritonitis causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shivani Chaparala M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Secondary peritonitis has numerous causes. Nonbacterial causes of peritonitis include leakage of blood into the peritoneal cavity due to rupture of a tubal pregnancy, ovarian cyst, or aneurysmal vessel.
Causes
Life-Threatening Causes
Common causes
Common causes of secondary peritonitis include:[1][2]
- Perforated PUD
- Appendicitis
- Diverticulitis
- Acute cholecystitis
- Pancreatitis
- Post-surgical complications
Causes by Source
| Infected Secondary Peritonitis | Non-infected Secondary Peritonitis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perforation of a hollow viscus organ | Disruption of the peritoneum | Leakage of sterile body fluids into the peritoneum | Sterile abdominal surgery | Rarer non-infectious causes |
Perforation of a hollow viscus (most common cause of peritonitis)
Other possible causes for perforation
Most common organisms: mixed bacteria |
Most common organisms |
Sterile body fluids such as
These body fluids are sterile at first, they frequently become infected once they leak out of their organ, leading to infectious peritonitis within 24-48h. |
Due to sterile foreign body inadvertently left in the abdomen after surgery (e.g. gauze, sponge) |
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Causes by Organ System
| Cause of Peforation | Most likely organism |
|---|---|
| Nonperforation secondary peritonitis | |
| Acute appendicitis |
|
| Loculated perforation of
gastric ulcer |
|
| Post operative
gastric ulcer perforation |
|
| Loculated perforation of
umbilical hernia |
|
| Colonic ulcer |
|
| Loculated perforation of
colonic polypectomy |
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| Colonic ulcer |
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| Infected
pancreaticpseudocyst |
|
| Postoperative
in general |
|
| Perforation secondary peritonitis | |
| Perforated gastric ulcer |
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| Perforated duodenal ulcer |
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| Perforated bowel |
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| Perforated gallbladder |
|
References
- ↑ Akriviadis EA, Runyon BA (1990). "Utility of an algorithm in differentiating spontaneous from secondary bacterial peritonitis". Gastroenterology. 98 (1): 127–33. PMID 2293571.
- ↑ Wong PF, Gilliam AD, Kumar S, Shenfine J, O'Dair GN, Leaper DJ (2005). "Antibiotic regimens for secondary peritonitis of gastrointestinal origin in adults". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2): CD004539. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004539.pub2. PMID 15846719.