Secondary adrenal insufficiency historical perspective

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2]

Overview

Suprarenal glands were discovered by Eustachius in 1563 and were named as Glandulae renis incumbentes. 35th USA President John F. Kennedy had primary Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease).

Historical Perspective

• Suprarenal glands were discovered by Eustachius in 1563 and were named as Glandulae renis incumbentes.

• Primary adrenal insufficiency was first discovered by Thomas Addison, an English physician, and scientist, when he described adrenocortical atrophy in 1849 on the autopsy of the adrenal glands of patients, some of which had vitiligo.

• In 1926, Schmidt was the first to discover the association between adrenalitis and thyroiditis, called Schmidt's syndrome, which was expanded by Carpenter in 1964 to include type 1 diabetes mellitus.

• In 1956, Whittaker found an association between hypo-adrenocortolism, hypothyroidism, and candidiasis.

• In 1997, AIRE gene mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of APS (autoimmune polyglandular syndrome).

Famous Cases

• 35th USA President John F. Kennedy had primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease).

References

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