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{{Meningitis}}
{{Meningitis}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SS}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:'''  {{CZ}}


==Medical Therapy==
==Medical Therapy==


====Empiric Treatment====
===Empiric Treatment===


======Community-acquired meningitis======
* Adjunctive '''''[[Dexamethasone]] (0.15 mg/kg IV q6h for 2—4 days)''''' is recommended for both children and adult patients with acute bacterial meningitis.
 
====Community-Acquired Meningitis====


{|
{|
|-
|-
| valign=top |
| valign=top |
{| style="margin: 0 0 0em 0em; border: 1px solid #696969; float: left; width:19em" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0";
{| style="margin: 0 0 0em 0em; border: 1px solid #696969; float: left; width:32em" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0";
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #F8F8FF" align=center | ''{{fontcolor|#6C7B8B|Age <1 Week}}''
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #F8F8FF" align=center | ''{{fontcolor|#6C7B8B|Newborn, Age <1 Week}}''
|-
|-
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 80%; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | ''Preferred Regimen''
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 80%; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | ''Preferred Regimen''
|-
|-
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| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Cefotaxime]] 100—150 mg/kg/day IV q8—12h'''''
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Cefotaxime]] 100—150 mg/kg/day IV q8—12h'''''
|-
|-
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 80%; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | ''Alternative Regimen''
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 80%; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | ''Alternative Regimen''
|-
|-
Line 36: Line 34:
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Gentamicin]] 2.5 mg/kg IV q12h'''''
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Gentamicin]] 2.5 mg/kg IV q12h'''''
|-
|-
|}
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #F8F8FF" align=center | ''{{fontcolor|#6C7B8B|Newborn, Age 1—4 Weeks}}''
 
 
{| style="margin: 0 0 0em 0em; border: 1px solid #696969; float: left; width:19em" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0";
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #F8F8FF" align=center | ''{{fontcolor|#6C7B8B|Age >50 years}}''
|-
|-
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 80%; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | ''Preferred Regimen''
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Vancomycin ]] 30–60 mg/kg per day IV8–12 h'''''
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | AND
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Cefotaxime]]  8–12 g per day IV q4–6h '''''<BR> ''OR''<BR>▸''''[[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g IV q12 h'''''
|-
|}
| valign=top |
{| style="margin: 0 0 0em 0em; border: 1px solid #696969; float: left; width:19em" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0";
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #F8F8FF" align=center | ''{{fontcolor|#6C7B8B|Age 1—4 Weeks}}''
|-
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 80%; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | ''Preferred Regimen''
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 80%; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | ''Preferred Regimen''
|-
|-
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| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Cefotaxime]] 150—200 mg/kg/day IV q6—8h'''''
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Cefotaxime]] 150—200 mg/kg/day IV q6—8h'''''
|-
|-
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 80%; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | ''Alternative Regimen''
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 80%; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | ''Alternative Regimen''
|-
|-
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| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Gentamicin]] 2.5 mg/kg IV q8h''''' <BR> OR <BR> ▸ '''''[[Tobramycin]]2.5 mg/kg IV q8h''''' <BR> OR <BR> ▸ '''''[[Amikacin]] 10 mg/kg IV q8h'''''
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Gentamicin]] 2.5 mg/kg IV q8h''''' <BR> OR <BR> ▸ '''''[[Tobramycin]]2.5 mg/kg IV q8h''''' <BR> OR <BR> ▸ '''''[[Amikacin]] 10 mg/kg IV q8h'''''
|-
|-
 
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #F8F8FF" align=center | ''{{fontcolor|#6C7B8B|Infant and Children}}''<sup>†</sup>
 
|}
{| style="margin: 0 0 0em 0em; border: 1px solid #696969; float: left; width:19em" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0";
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #F8F8FF" align=center | ''{{fontcolor|#6C7B8B|Immunocompromised state}}''
|-
|-
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 80%; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | ''Preferred Regimen''
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 80%; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | ''Preferred Regimen''
|-
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Vancomycin ]] 30–60 mg/kg per day IV 8–12 h'''''
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Vancomycin]] 15 mg/kg IV q6h''''' <BR> to achieve serum trough concentrations of 15–20 μg/mL
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | AND
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Ampicillin]]  2 g IV q4 h '''''
|-
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | AND
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | AND
|-
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Cefepime]] 2 g IV q8 h''''' <BR> ''OR'' <BR> ▸'''''[[Meropenem]] 2 g IV q8 h'''''
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Cefotaxime]] 225—300 mg/kg/day IV q6–8h''''' <BR>''OR''<BR> ▸'''''[[Ceftriaxone]] 80—100 mg/kg/day IV q12–24h''''' <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR>
|-
|-
|}
|}
| valign=top |
| valign=top |
{| style="margin: 0 0 0em 0em; border: 1px solid #696969; float: left; width:19em" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0";
{| style="margin: 0 0 0em 0em; border: 1px solid #696969; float: left; width:32em" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0";
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #F8F8FF" align=center | ''{{fontcolor|#6C7B8B|Age 1—23 Months}}''
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #F8F8FF" align=center | ''{{fontcolor|#6C7B8B|Adult, Age <50 Years}}<sup>†</sup>''
|-
|-
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 80%; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | ''Preferred Regimen''
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 80%; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | ''Preferred Regimen''
|-
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Vancomycin ]] 15 mg/kg IV q6 h'''''
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Vancomycin]] 30–60 mg/kg/day IV q8–12h''''' <BR> to achieve serum trough concentrations of 15–20 μg/mL
|-
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | AND
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | AND
|-
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Cefotaxime]] 225–300 mg/kg per day IV q6–8 h''''' <BR>''OR''<BR>▸ '''''[[Ceftriaxone]] 80–100 mg/kg per day IV q12–24 h'''''<sup>¤</sup>
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Cefotaxime]] 8–12 g/day IV q4–6h'''''<BR> ''OR'' <BR> ▸'''''[[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g IV q12h'''''
|-
|-
 
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #F8F8FF" align=center | ''{{fontcolor|#6C7B8B|Adult, Age >50 Years}}''
 
|}
{| style="margin: 0 0 0em 0em; border: 1px solid #696969; float: left; width:19em" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0";
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #F8F8FF" align=center | ''{{fontcolor|#6C7B8B|Recurrent}}''
|-
|-
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 80%; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | ''Preferred Regimen''
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 80%; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | ''Preferred Regimen''
|-
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Vancomycin ]] 30–60 mg/kg per day IV8–12 h'''''
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Vancomycin]] 30–60 mg/kg/day IV q8–12h'''''
|-
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | AND
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | AND
|-
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Cefotaxime]]  8–12 g per day IVq4–6h '''''<BR> ''OR''<BR>▸''''[[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g IV q12 h'''''
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Ampicillin]] 2 g IV q4h'''''
|}
|-
| valign=top |
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | AND
{| style="margin: 0 0 0em 0em; border: 1px solid #696969; float: left; width:19em" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0";
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #F8F8FF" align=center | ''{{fontcolor|#6C7B8B|Age 2–50 years}}''
|-
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Cefotaxime]] 8–12 g/day IV q4–6h'''''<BR> ''OR'' <BR> ▸'''''[[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g IV q12h'''''


 
|-
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #F8F8FF" align=center | ''{{fontcolor|#6C7B8B|Immunocompromised}}''
|-
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 80%; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | ''Preferred Regimen''
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 80%; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | ''Preferred Regimen''
|-
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''Children's dosage is as shown left,shown below is the adult'''''
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Vancomycin]] 30–60 mg/kg/day IV q8–12h'''''
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | AND
|-
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Vancomycin ]] 30–60 mg/kg per day IV8–12 h'''''
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Ampicillin]] 2 g IV q4h'''''
|-
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | AND
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | AND
|-
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Cefotaxime]] 8–12 g per day IVq4–6h '''''<BR> ''OR''<BR> ▸ '''''[[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g IV q12 h'''''<sup>¤</sup>
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Cefepime]] 2 g IV q8h''''' <BR> ''OR'' <BR> ▸ '''''[[Meropenem]] 2 g IV q8h'''''
|-
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #F8F8FF" align=center | ''{{fontcolor|#6C7B8B|Recurrent}}''
|-
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 80%; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | ''Preferred Regimen''
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Vancomycin]] 30—60 mg/kg/day IV q8–12h'''''
|-
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | AND
|-
|-
 
| style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Cefotaxime]]  8–12 g/day IV q4–6h'''''<BR> ''OR'' <BR> ▸'''''[[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g IV q12h'''''
 
|}
|}
|}
|}


<BR>
<sup>†</sup>Add '''''[[Ampicillin]] 2 g IV q4h''''' ('''''50 mg/kg IV q6h''''' for children) if meningitis caused by ''[[Listeria monocytogenes]]'' is also suspected.
 
<SMALL>Adapted from ''Advances in treatment of bacterial meningitis. Lancet. 2012;380(9854):1693-702.''</SMALL><ref name="van de Beek-2012">{{Cite journal  | last1 = van de Beek | first1 = D. | last2 = Brouwer | first2 = MC. | last3 = Thwaites | first3 = GE. | last4 = Tunkel | first4 = AR. | title = Advances in treatment of bacterial meningitis. | journal = Lancet | volume = 380 | issue = 9854 | pages = 1693-702 | month = Nov | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61186-6 | PMID = 23141618 }}</ref>


<SMALL><sup>¤</sup>Add amoxicillin or ampicillin if meningitis caused by L monocytogenes is also suspected. Ampicillin if meningitis caused by L monocytogenes is also suspected </SMALL>
====Healthcare-Associated Meningitis====


====fhjdskjfkds====
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

Revision as of 19:38, 14 January 2014

Meningitis Main Page

Patient Information

Overview

Causes

Classification

Viral Meningitis
Bacterial Meningitis
Fungal Meningitis

Differential Diagnosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Medical Therapy

Empiric Treatment

  • Adjunctive Dexamethasone (0.15 mg/kg IV q6h for 2—4 days) is recommended for both children and adult patients with acute bacterial meningitis.

Community-Acquired Meningitis

Newborn, Age <1 Week
Preferred Regimen
Ampicillin 50 mg/kg IV q8h
AND
Cefotaxime 100—150 mg/kg/day IV q8—12h
Alternative Regimen
Ampicillin 50 mg/kg IV q8h
AND
Gentamicin 2.5 mg/kg IV q12h
Newborn, Age 1—4 Weeks
Preferred Regimen
Ampicillin 200 mg/kg/day IV q6—8h
AND
Cefotaxime 150—200 mg/kg/day IV q6—8h
Alternative Regimen
Ampicillin 200 mg/kg/day IV q6—8h
AND
Gentamicin 2.5 mg/kg IV q8h
OR
Tobramycin2.5 mg/kg IV q8h
OR
Amikacin 10 mg/kg IV q8h
Infant and Children
Preferred Regimen
Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q6h
to achieve serum trough concentrations of 15–20 μg/mL
AND
Cefotaxime 225—300 mg/kg/day IV q6–8h
OR
Ceftriaxone 80—100 mg/kg/day IV q12–24h



Adult, Age <50 Years
Preferred Regimen
Vancomycin 30–60 mg/kg/day IV q8–12h
to achieve serum trough concentrations of 15–20 μg/mL
AND
Cefotaxime 8–12 g/day IV q4–6h
OR
Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h
Adult, Age >50 Years
Preferred Regimen
Vancomycin 30–60 mg/kg/day IV q8–12h
AND
Ampicillin 2 g IV q4h
AND
Cefotaxime 8–12 g/day IV q4–6h
OR
Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h
Immunocompromised
Preferred Regimen
Vancomycin 30–60 mg/kg/day IV q8–12h
AND
Ampicillin 2 g IV q4h
AND
Cefepime 2 g IV q8h
OR
Meropenem 2 g IV q8h
Recurrent
Preferred Regimen
Vancomycin 30—60 mg/kg/day IV q8–12h
AND
Cefotaxime 8–12 g/day IV q4–6h
OR
Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h

Add Ampicillin 2 g IV q4h (50 mg/kg IV q6h for children) if meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes is also suspected.

Adapted from Advances in treatment of bacterial meningitis. Lancet. 2012;380(9854):1693-702.[1]

Healthcare-Associated Meningitis

References

  1. van de Beek, D.; Brouwer, MC.; Thwaites, GE.; Tunkel, AR. (2012). "Advances in treatment of bacterial meningitis". Lancet. 380 (9854): 1693–702. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61186-6. PMID 23141618. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)