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| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MKA}} | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MKA}} |
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| | __NOTOC__ |
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| | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} |
| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| The most potent risk factor in the development of alcoholic liver disease is alcohol consumption. Other risk factors include female gender, hispanic ethnicity, and genetic factors.
| | There is no established system for the classification of [disease name]. |
| | |
| | OR |
| | |
| | [Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups: [group1], [group2], [group3], and [group4]. |
| | |
| | OR |
| | |
| | [Disease name] may be classified into [large number > 6] subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3]. |
| | [Disease name] may be classified into several subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3]. |
| | |
| | OR |
| | |
| | Based on the duration of symptoms, [disease name] may be classified as either acute or chronic. |
| | |
| | OR |
| | |
| | If the staging system involves specific and characteristic findings and features: |
| | According to the [staging system + reference], there are [number] stages of [malignancy name] based on the [finding1], [finding2], and [finding3]. Each stage is assigned a [letter/number1] and a [letter/number2] that designate the [feature1] and [feature2]. |
| | |
| | OR |
| | |
| | The staging of [malignancy name] is based on the [staging system]. |
| | |
| | OR |
| | |
| | There is no established system for the staging of [malignancy name]. |
|
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|
| ==Risk Factors== | | ==Classification== |
| The most potent risk factor in the development of alcoholic liver disease is the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption. Other risk factors include gender, age, and genetic factors.<ref name="pmid23532958">{{cite journal| author=Bertola A, Park O, Gao B| title=Chronic plus binge ethanol feeding synergistically induces neutrophil infiltration and liver injury in mice: a critical role for E-selectin. | journal=Hepatology | year= 2013 | volume= 58 | issue= 5 | pages= 1814-23 | pmid=23532958 | doi=10.1002/hep.26419 | pmc=3726575 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23532958 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21538280">{{cite journal| author=Anstee QM, Daly AK, Day CP| title=Genetics of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. | journal=Semin Liver Dis | year= 2011 | volume= 31 | issue= 2 | pages= 128-46 | pmid=21538280 | doi=10.1055/s-0031-1276643 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21538280 }} </ref><ref name="pmid20650922">{{cite journal| author=Altamirano J, Bataller R| title=Cigarette smoking and chronic liver diseases. | journal=Gut | year= 2010 | volume= 59 | issue= 9 | pages= 1159-62 | pmid=20650922 | doi=10.1136/gut.2008.162453 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20650922 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19215600">{{cite journal| author=Hatton J, Burton A, Nash H, Munn E, Burgoyne L, Sheron N| title=Drinking patterns, dependency and life-time drinking history in alcohol-related liver disease. | journal=Addiction | year= 2009 | volume= 104 | issue= 4 | pages= 587-92 | pmid=19215600 | doi=10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02493.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19215600 }} </ref><ref name="pmid17544978">{{cite journal| author=Clouston AD, Jonsson JR, Powell EE| title=Steatosis as a cofactor in other liver diseases: hepatitis C virus, alcohol, hemochromatosis, and others. | journal=Clin Liver Dis | year= 2007 | volume= 11 | issue= 1 | pages= 173-89, x | pmid=17544978 | doi=10.1016/j.cld.2007.02.007 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17544978 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12601343">{{cite journal| author=Bataller R, North KE, Brenner DA| title=Genetic polymorphisms and the progression of liver fibrosis: a critical appraisal. | journal=Hepatology | year= 2003 | volume= 37 | issue= 3 | pages= 493-503 | pmid=12601343 | doi=10.1053/jhep.2003.50127 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12601343 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12390068">{{cite journal| author=Stewart SH| title=Racial and ethnic differences in alcohol-associated aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase elevation. | journal=Arch Intern Med | year= 2002 | volume= 162 | issue= 19 | pages= 2236-9 | pmid=12390068 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12390068 }} </ref><ref name="pmid8985274">{{cite journal| author=Naveau S, Giraud V, Borotto E, Aubert A, Capron F, Chaput JC| title=Excess weight risk factor for alcoholic liver disease. | journal=Hepatology | year= 1997 | volume= 25 | issue= 1 | pages= 108-11 | pmid=8985274 | doi=10.1002/hep.510250120 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8985274 }} </ref>
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| ===Common Risk Factors===
| | *There is no established system for the classification of [disease name]. |
| *Common risk factors in the development of alcoholic liver disease include: | | OR |
| **Female gender<ref name="pmid8621128">{{cite journal| author=Becker U, Deis A, Sørensen TI, Grønbaek M, Borch-Johnsen K, Müller CF et al.| title=Prediction of risk of liver disease by alcohol intake, sex, and age: a prospective population study. | journal=Hepatology | year= 1996 | volume= 23 | issue= 5 | pages= 1025-9 | pmid=8621128 | doi=10.1002/hep.510230513 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8621128 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18318440">{{cite journal| author=Lee WM, Squires RH, Nyberg SL, Doo E, Hoofnagle JH| title=Acute liver failure: Summary of a workshop. | journal=Hepatology | year= 2008 | volume= 47 | issue= 4 | pages= 1401-15 | pmid=18318440 | doi=10.1002/hep.22177 | pmc=3381946 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18318440 }} </ref><ref name="pmid20949552">{{cite journal| author=Reuben A, Koch DG, Lee WM, Acute Liver Failure Study Group| title=Drug-induced acute liver failure: results of a U.S. multicenter, prospective study. | journal=Hepatology | year= 2010 | volume= 52 | issue= 6 | pages= 2065-76 | pmid=20949552 | doi=10.1002/hep.23937 | pmc=3992250 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20949552 }} </ref> | | *[Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups: |
| **Hispanic ethnicity<ref name="pmid25702770">{{cite journal |vauthors=Levy R, Catana AM, Durbin-Johnson B, Halsted CH, Medici V |title=Ethnic differences in presentation and severity of alcoholic liver disease |journal=Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=566–574 |year=2015 |pmid=25702770 |pmc=4348235 |doi=10.1111/acer.12660 |url=}}</ref> | | **[Group1] |
| **[[Obesity]] | | **[Group2] |
| **Genetic factors<ref name="pmid26873399">{{cite journal |vauthors=Anstee QM, Seth D, Day CP |title=Genetic Factors That Affect Risk of Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=150 |issue=8 |pages=1728–1744.e7 |year=2016 |pmid=26873399 |doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2016.01.037 |url=}}</ref> | | **[Group3] |
| ===Less Common Risk Factors===
| | **[Group4] |
| *Less common risk factors in the development of alcoholic liver disease include: | | OR |
| **Age
| | *[Disease name] may be classified into [large number > 6] subtypes based on: |
| **Co-existing chronic viral hepatitis | | **[Classification method 1] |
| **Iron overload
| | **[Classification method 2] |
| **[[Smoking]]
| | **[Classification method 3] |
| | *[Disease name] may be classified into several subtypes based on: |
| | **[Classification method 1] |
| | **[Classification method 2] |
| | **[Classification method 3] |
| | OR |
| | *Based on the duration of symptoms, [disease name] may be classified as either acute or chronic. |
| | OR |
| | *If the staging system involves specific and characteristic findings and features: |
| | *According to the [staging system + reference], there are [number] stages of [malignancy name] based on the [finding1], [finding2], and [finding3]. Each stage is assigned a [letter/number1] and a [letter/number2] that designate the [feature1] and [feature2]. |
| | OR |
| | *The staging of [malignancy name] is based on the [staging system]. |
| | OR |
| | *There is no established system for the staging of [malignancy name]. |
|
| |
|
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{Reflist|2}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: M. Khurram Afzal, MD [2]
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [3]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
There is no established system for the classification of [disease name].
OR
[Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups: [group1], [group2], [group3], and [group4].
OR
[Disease name] may be classified into [large number > 6] subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3].
[Disease name] may be classified into several subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3].
OR
Based on the duration of symptoms, [disease name] may be classified as either acute or chronic.
OR
If the staging system involves specific and characteristic findings and features:
According to the [staging system + reference], there are [number] stages of [malignancy name] based on the [finding1], [finding2], and [finding3]. Each stage is assigned a [letter/number1] and a [letter/number2] that designate the [feature1] and [feature2].
OR
The staging of [malignancy name] is based on the [staging system].
OR
There is no established system for the staging of [malignancy name].
Classification
- There is no established system for the classification of [disease name].
OR
- [Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups:
- [Group1]
- [Group2]
- [Group3]
- [Group4]
OR
- [Disease name] may be classified into [large number > 6] subtypes based on:
- [Classification method 1]
- [Classification method 2]
- [Classification method 3]
- [Disease name] may be classified into several subtypes based on:
- [Classification method 1]
- [Classification method 2]
- [Classification method 3]
OR
- Based on the duration of symptoms, [disease name] may be classified as either acute or chronic.
OR
- If the staging system involves specific and characteristic findings and features:
- According to the [staging system + reference], there are [number] stages of [malignancy name] based on the [finding1], [finding2], and [finding3]. Each stage is assigned a [letter/number1] and a [letter/number2] that designate the [feature1] and [feature2].
OR
- The staging of [malignancy name] is based on the [staging system].
OR
- There is no established system for the staging of [malignancy name].
References