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{|
__NOTOC__
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
| colspan="5" |'''Skin examination'''
! colspan="2" |Diagnosis
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Additional findings
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Type
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Color
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Texture
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Size
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Distribution
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dermoscopic Findings
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma]]'''<ref name="pmid10848931">{{cite journal| author=Petter G, Haustein UF| title=Histologic subtyping and malignancy assessment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. | journal=Dermatol Surg | year= 2000 | volume= 26 | issue= 6 | pages= 521-30 | pmid=10848931 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10848931  }}</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of skin|'''SCC in situ (Bowen's disease''')]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Patch
* [[Plaque]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Erythematous]]
* Skin colored
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Scaly
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Variable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Fair-skinned individuals: sun-exposed areas


* In black individuals: [[Leg|legs]], [[anus]], and areas of [[chronic inflammation]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Presence of dotted and/or glomerular [[vessels]]
* White to yellowish surface scales
* Red-yellowish background
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Keratinocyte|Keratinocytic]] [[dysplasia]] of the [[epidermis]]
* No infiltration into [[dermis]]


* [[Pleomorphism|Pleomorphic]] [[Keratinocyte|keratinocytes]]
Cardiac surgery<ref name="pmid23447502">{{cite journal| author=Aya HD, Cecconi M, Hamilton M, Rhodes A| title=Goal-directed therapy in cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | journal=Br J Anaesth | year= 2013 | volume= 110 | issue= 4 | pages= 510-7 | pmid=23447502 | doi=10.1093/bja/aet020 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23447502 }} </ref>
* Hyperchromatic [[nuclei]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Slow growth over the years
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Invasive squamous cell carcinoma'''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Papules|Papule]]
* [[Plaques|Plaque]]
* [[Nodule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Skin colored
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Induration|Indurated]] + [[Hyperkeratosis|hyperkeratotic]]  (well [[Cellular differentiation|differentiated]])
* Soft + [[ulceration]] (poorly [[Cellular differentiation|differentiated]])
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* 0.5 to 1.5 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Fair-skinned individuals: sun-exposed areas
 
* In black individuals: legs, anus, and areas of chronic inflammation
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* White circles
* White structureless areas
* Masses of [[keratin]]
* Hairpin and linear-irregular [[vessels]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Keratinocyte|Keratinocytic]] [[dysplasia]] of the [[epidermis]]
* No infiltration into [[dermis]]
 
* [[Pleomorphism|Pleomorphic]] [[Keratinocyte|keratinocytes]]
* Hyperchromatic [[nuclei]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* May be painful or [[Itch|pruritic]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Keratoacanthoma]]'''<ref name="pmid26853179">{{cite journal| author=Kwiek B, Schwartz RA| title=Keratoacanthoma (KA): An update and review. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2016 | volume= 74 | issue= 6 | pages= 1220-33 | pmid=26853179 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2015.11.033 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26853179  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Macule
* Papule
* May have telangiectasias
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Skin-colored
* Mildly erythematous
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Prominent keratinous core in the center of the nodule
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* 1 to 2.5 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Sun-exposed areas
* Face, neck, hands, and arms
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* White circles
* Keratin
* Blood spots
* White structureless zones
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Well-[[Cellular differentiation|differentiated]] [[squamous epithelium]]
* Central [[keratin]] core
* Epidermal hyperplasia + large [[eosinophilic]] [[Keratinocyte|keratinocytes]]
 
* Dermal inflammatory infiltrate
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Rapid growth (within weeks)
|-
| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Merkel cell carcinoma]]'''<ref name="pmid19638070">{{cite journal| author=Albores-Saavedra J, Batich K, Chable-Montero F, Sagy N, Schwartz AM, Henson DE| title=Merkel cell carcinoma demographics, morphology, and survival based on 3870 cases: a population based study. | journal=J Cutan Pathol | year= 2010 | volume= 37 | issue= 1 | pages= 20-7 | pmid=19638070 | doi=10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01370.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19638070  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Intracutaneous [[nodule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Shiny
* Flesh-colored or bluish-red
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Firm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* < 1 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Sun-exposed areas
 
* [[Head]] and [[neck]]
* [[Upper limbs]] and [[shoulder]]
* [[Lower limbs]] and [[hip]]
* [[Trunk]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Milky red areas
* Linear
* Irregular vessels
* Polymorphous [[vessels]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Uniform [[cells]] with large [[basophilic]] [[nuclei]]
* Single-cell [[necrosis]]
* Frequent [[mitoses]]
* Lymphovascular invasion
* Perineural invasion
* [[Epidermal]] involvement via [[pagetoid]] spread
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Older individuals with light skin tones
* Rapidly growing
|-
| rowspan="3" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Basal cell carcinoma]]'''<ref name="pmid22759209">{{cite journal| author=Wolberink EA, Pasch MC, Zeiler M, van Erp PE, Gerritsen MJ| title=High discordance between punch biopsy and excision in establishing basal cell carcinoma subtype: analysis of 500 cases. | journal=J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol | year= 2013 | volume= 27 | issue= 8 | pages= 985-9 | pmid=22759209 | doi=10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04628.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22759209  }}</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Nodular basal cell carcinoma]]'''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Papule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Flesh-colored
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Small bump
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Variable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Face]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Focused, bright red, and branching arborizing [[vessels]]
* Loosely arranged blue-gray dots
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Nest-like infiltration with basaloid [[cells]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* May have a "rolled" border
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Superficial basal cell carcinoma '''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Patch
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Erythematous]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Scaly
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* 1 to > 10 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Sun-exposed areas
* [[Head]] (cheek and nose)
* [[Trunk]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Superficial fine [[Telangiectasias|telangiectasia]]
* Shiny white to red, translucent or opaque structureless areas
* Multiple small erosions
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Large, hyperchromatic, oval [[nuclei]]
* Minimal [[cytoplasm]]
* Small basaloid nodules
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Higher [[incidence]] in men
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Sclerosing basal cell carcinoma (morpheaform)'''<ref name="pmid8959949">{{cite journal| author=Wrone DA, Swetter SM, Egbert BM, Smoller BR, Khavari PA| title=Increased proportion of aggressive-growth basal cell carcinoma in the Veterans Affairs population of Palo Alto, California. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 1996 | volume= 35 | issue= 6 | pages= 907-10 | pmid=8959949 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8959949  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Papule
 
* Plaque
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Flesh-colored
* [[Erythematous|Slightly erythematous]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Firm
* [[Induration|Indurated]]
* Indistinct borders
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Variable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Sun-exposed areas
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Whitish backround
* Few fine arborizing [[vessels]]
* Multiple brown dots
* [[Ulceration]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Thin columns + small nodules
* Highly [[Collagen|collagenized]] stroma
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Expression of [[Alpha-actin|smooth muscle protein alpha-actin]] in tumor [[stroma]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Prurigo nodules'''<ref name="pmid25808786">{{cite journal| author=Errichetti E, Piccirillo A, Stinco G| title=Dermoscopy of prurigo nodularis. | journal=J Dermatol | year= 2015 | volume= 42 | issue= 6 | pages= 632-4 | pmid=25808786 | doi=10.1111/1346-8138.12844 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25808786  }}</ref><ref name="pmid20002240">{{cite journal| author=Weigelt N, Metze D, Ständer S| title=Prurigo nodularis: systematic analysis of 58 histological criteria in 136 patients. | journal=J Cutan Pathol | year= 2010 | volume= 37 | issue= 5 | pages= 578-86 | pmid=20002240 | doi=10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01484.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20002240  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Dome-shaped [[nodule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Flesh-colored
* [[Erythematous]]
* Brown/black
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Firm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Few millimeters to several centimeters
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Extensor surfaces of the arms and legs and on the trunk
 
* Upper back, abdomen, and sacrum
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* White "starburst pattern" surrounding red/brown/yellow crusts
* Erosions
* Hyperkeratosis
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Thick and compact orthohyperkeratosis
* Irregular epidermal hyperplasia
* Focal parakeratosis with irregular acanthosis
* Nonspecific dermal infiltrate containing WBCs
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Nodules range in number from few to hundreds
* Worsened by heat, sweating, or irritation from clothing
|-
| rowspan="6" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid201377432">{{cite journal| author=Witt C, Krengel S| title=Clinical and epidemiological aspects of subtypes of melanocytic nevi (Flat nevi, Miescher nevi, Unna nevi). | journal=Dermatol Online J | year= 2010 | volume= 16 | issue= 1 | pages= 1 | pmid=20137743 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20137743  }}</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Melanoma in situ''' (Lentigo Maligna)<ref name="pmid30266559">{{cite journal| author=Connolly KL, Giordano C, Dusza S, Busam KJ, Nehal K| title=Follicular involvement is frequent in lentigo maligna: Implications for treatment. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2019 | volume= 80 | issue= 2 | pages= 532-537 | pmid=30266559 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.071 | pmc=6333487 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30266559  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Macule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Variable (from light to dark brown, black, pink, red, or white)
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Smooth
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Around 1 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Sun-damaged skin of the head or neck
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Asymmetric, pigmented follicular openings
* Gray angulated lines
* Gray areas, dots, and globules
* Circle within a circle
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* '''↑''' atypical [[spindle]] shaped [[melanocytes]]
* Arranged in single cells or in small nests along the [[Epidermal junctions|dermal-epidermal junction]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Darkening of pigmentation, sharpening of borders, or emergence of nodular areas are signs of progression to [[lentigo maligna melanoma]]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Lentigo maligna melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid302665592">{{cite journal| author=Connolly KL, Giordano C, Dusza S, Busam KJ, Nehal K| title=Follicular involvement is frequent in lentigo maligna: Implications for treatment. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2019 | volume= 80 | issue= 2 | pages= 532-537 | pmid=30266559 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.071 | pmc=6333487 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30266559  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Macule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Brown/tan
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Freckle-like
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Variable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Chronically sun-damaged areas
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Asymmetric, pigmented follicular openings
* Gray angulated lines
* Gray areas, dots, and globules
* Circle within a circle
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* "Star-burst giant cells" in [[epidermis]]
* "Swallow's nest" sign along the [[Epidermal junctions|dermal-epidermal junction]]
* Minimal [[cytoplasm]]
* Pale nucleus with small nucleoli
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Usually in older individuals
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Superficial spreading melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid19782937">{{cite journal| author=Argenziano G, Ferrara G, Francione S, Di Nola K, Martino A, Zalaudek I| title=Dermoscopy--the ultimate tool for melanoma diagnosis. | journal=Semin Cutan Med Surg | year= 2009 | volume= 28 | issue= 3 | pages= 142-8 | pmid=19782937 | doi=10.1016/j.sder.2009.06.001 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19782937  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Macule]]
* Plaque with irregular borders
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Variably pigmented (red, blue, black, gray, and white)
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Thin
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* 1 mm to > 1 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Anywhere but usually:
** Back (men and women)
** Lower extremities (women)
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Asymmetry of shape
* > 2 colors
* Asymmetry of structures
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Asymmetric
* Poorly circumscribed
* Lack cellular maturation
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Lateral (radial) growth before vertical (invasive) growth
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Nodular melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid12734496">{{cite journal| author=Argenziano G, Soyer HP, Chimenti S, Talamini R, Corona R, Sera F et al.| title=Dermoscopy of pigmented skin lesions: results of a consensus meeting via the Internet. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2003 | volume= 48 | issue= 5 | pages= 679-93 | pmid=12734496 | doi=10.1067/mjd.2003.281 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12734496  }}</ref><ref name="MenziesMoloney2013">{{cite journal|last1=Menzies|first1=Scott W.|last2=Moloney|first2=Fergal J.|last3=Byth|first3=Karen|last4=Avramidis|first4=Michelle|last5=Argenziano|first5=Giuseppe|last6=Zalaudek|first6=Iris|last7=Braun|first7=Ralph P.|last8=Malvehy|first8=Josep|last9=Puig|first9=Susana|last10=Rabinovitz|first10=Harold S.|last11=Oliviero|first11=Margaret|last12=Cabo|first12=Horacio|last13=Bono|first13=Riccardo|last14=Pizzichetta|first14=Maria A.|last15=Claeson|first15=Magdalena|last16=Gaffney|first16=Daniel C.|last17=Soyer|first17=H. Peter|last18=Stanganelli|first18=Ignazio|last19=Scolyer|first19=Richard A.|last20=Guitera|first20=Pascale|last21=Kelly|first21=John|last22=McCurdy|first22=Olivia|last23=Llambrich|first23=Alex|last24=Marghoob|first24=Ashfaq A.|last25=Zaballos|first25=Pedro|last26=Kirchesch|first26=Herbert M.|last27=Piccolo|first27=Domenico|last28=Bowling|first28=Jonathan|last29=Thomas|first29=Luc|last30=Terstappen|first30=Karin|last31=Tanaka|first31=Masaru|last32=Pellacani|first32=Giovanni|last33=Pagnanelli|first33=Gianluca|last34=Ghigliotti|first34=Giovanni|last35=Ortega|first35=Blanca Carlos|last36=Crafter|first36=Greg|last37=Ortiz|first37=Ana María Perusquía|last38=Tromme|first38=Isabelle|last39=Karaarslan|first39=Isil Kilinc|last40=Ozdemir|first40=Fezal|last41=Tam|first41=Anthony|last42=Landi|first42=Christian|last43=Norton|first43=Peter|last44=Kaçar|first44=Nida|last45=Rudnicka|first45=Lidia|last46=Slowinska|first46=Monika|last47=Simionescu|first47=Olga|last48=Di Stefani|first48=Alessandro|last49=Coates|first49=Elliot|last50=Kreusch|first50=Juergen|title=Dermoscopic Evaluation of Nodular Melanoma|journal=JAMA Dermatology|volume=149|issue=6|year=2013|pages=699|issn=2168-6068|doi=10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.2466}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Polypoid [[nodule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Dark color
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Lump
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* 6mm to > 1 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Trunk
* Head
* Neck
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Pigment network or pseudonetwork
* Aggregated brown or black globules
* Blue pigmentation within lesion
* Small dotted or comma [[vessels]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Cells [[proliferate]] downwards through the skin
 
* Dermal growth in isolation or in association with an [[epidermal]] component
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Two-thirds arise in normal skin, the rest in existing moles
* Rapidly enlarging
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Acral lentiginous melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid19922528">{{cite journal| author=Phan A, Dalle S, Touzet S, Ronger-Savlé S, Balme B, Thomas L| title=Dermoscopic features of acral lentiginous melanoma in a large series of 110 cases in a white population. | journal=Br J Dermatol | year= 2010 | volume= 162 | issue= 4 | pages= 765-71 | pmid=19922528 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09594.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19922528  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Macule]]
* Patch
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Dark brown to black
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Raised areas
* [[Ulceration]]
* [[Bleeding]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Variable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Palmar
* Plantar
* Subungual
* Mucosal surfaces
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Parallel-ridge pattern
* Irregular diffuse pigmentation
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Asymmetric proliferation of single melanocytes at dermoepidermal junction
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Most common among dark skinned individuals
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Amelanotic melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid23197217">{{cite journal| author=Steglich RB, Meotti CD, Ferreira MS, Lovatto L, de Carvalho AV, de Castro CG| title=Dermoscopic clues in the diagnosis of amelanotic and hypomelanotic malignant melanoma. | journal=An Bras Dermatol | year= 2012 | volume= 87 | issue= 6 | pages= 920-3 | pmid=23197217 | doi= | pmc=3699915 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23197217  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Patch
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Skin color
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Slightly elevated borders
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Around 6 mm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Sun-exposed areas
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* No [[melanin]] pigmentation
 
* Dotted [[vessels]]
* Linear irregular vessels
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Lesion|Lesions]] not [[Pigmented lesions|pigmented]] since they don't produce [[melanin]]
*
|-
| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Nevus|Common nevus]]<ref name="pmid20137743">{{cite journal| author=Witt C, Krengel S| title=Clinical and epidemiological aspects of subtypes of melanocytic nevi (Flat nevi, Miescher nevi, Unna nevi). | journal=Dermatol Online J | year= 2010 | volume= 16 | issue= 1 | pages= 1 | pmid=20137743 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20137743  }}</ref><ref name="pmid12753404">{{cite journal| author=Bauer J, Garbe C| title=Acquired melanocytic nevi as risk factor for melanoma development. A comprehensive review of epidemiological data. | journal=Pigment Cell Res | year= 2003 | volume= 16 | issue= 3 | pages= 297-306 | pmid=12753404 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12753404  }}</ref>'''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Dome-shaped  [[nodules]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Hypopigmentation|Hypopigmented]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Smooth surface
* Terminal hairs  often present
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* 1 cm to > 20 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Sun-exposed areas above the [[waist]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Comma-shaped or curved vessels
* Structureless light brown background
* Residual brown thick circles around the [[hair follicles]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Multinucleated [[melanocytes]]
* [[Melanocyte|Melanocytes]] diffusely infiltrate [[dermis]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Also called Miescher [[nevus]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Blue nevus]]'''<ref name="pmid11224601">{{cite journal| author=Granter SR, McKee PH, Calonje E, Mihm  MC, Busam K| title=Melanoma associated with blue nevus and melanoma mimicking cellular blue nevus: a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases on the spectrum of so-called 'malignant blue nevus'. | journal=Am J Surg Pathol | year= 2001 | volume= 25 | issue= 3 | pages= 316-23 | pmid=11224601 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11224601  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Macules|Macule]]
* [[Papule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Blue
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Smooth
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Variable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Head and neck,
* Dorsal aspect of the distal extremities
* Sacral area
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Structureless blue pigmentation
* Structureless blue and white or blue and brown on some occasions
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Proliferation of dendritic, dermal, melanin-producing melanocytes
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Also called Mongolian spots
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Spitz nevus'''<ref name="pmid22082838">{{cite journal| author=Luo S, Sepehr A, Tsao H| title=Spitz nevi and other Spitzoid lesions part I. Background and diagnoses. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2011 | volume= 65 | issue= 6 | pages= 1073-84 | pmid=22082838 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2011.04.040 | pmc=3217183 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22082838  }}</ref><ref name="pmid21494025">{{cite journal| author=Argenziano G, Agozzino M, Bonifazi E, Broganelli P, Brunetti B, Ferrara G et al.| title=Natural evolution of Spitz nevi. | journal=Dermatology | year= 2011 | volume= 222 | issue= 3 | pages= 256-60 | pmid=21494025 | doi=10.1159/000326109 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21494025  }}</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Nonpigmented Spitz nevus'''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Nodule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Pink
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Smooth
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* < 1 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Cheek
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Coiled vessels
* White network over a pink to reddish background
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* In children and adolescents
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Reed-like Spitz'''<ref name="pmid27222770">{{cite journal| author=Pedrosa AF, Lopes JM, Azevedo F, Mota A| title=Spitz/Reed nevi: a review of clinical-dermatoscopic and histological correlation. | journal=Dermatol Pract Concept | year= 2016 | volume= 6 | issue= 2 | pages= 37-41 | pmid=27222770 | doi=10.5826/dpc.0602a07 | pmc=4866625 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27222770  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Papule
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Heavily [[Pigmented lesions|pigmented]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Smooth
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* < 1 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Head and neck
* Upper and lower extremities
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Structureless black to gray center
* [[Hypopigmented area|Hypopigmented]] follicular openings
* Peripheral streaks
* [[Pseudopods]]
* Globules
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Enlarged spindle [[melanocytes]] with polyangular form
* "Ground glass" cytoplasm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Most commonly develops in children, adolescents, and young adults.
|-
| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Solar lentigo]]'''<ref name="pmid21175756">{{cite journal| author=Tanaka M, Sawada M, Kobayashi K| title=Key points in dermoscopic differentiation between lentigo maligna and solar lentigo. | journal=J Dermatol | year= 2011 | volume= 38 | issue= 1 | pages= 53-8 | pmid=21175756 | doi=10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.01132.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21175756  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Multiple spots
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Brown
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Smooth
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Around 5mm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Sun-exposed areas
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Faint pigmented fingerprint structures
* Structureless pattern
* Light brown pseudonetwork with well-defined borders and a "moth-eaten" edge
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* '''↑''' [[melanin]] deposition in [[Keratinocyte|keratinocytes]]
* '''↑''' linear arrangement of [[melanocytes]] at the [[Epidermal junctions|dermal-epidermal junction]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Associated with UV exposure and skin aging
|-
| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Sebaceous hyperplasia]]'''<ref name="pmid24520522">{{cite journal| author=Sato T, Tanaka M| title=Linear sebaceous hyperplasia on the chest. | journal=Dermatol Pract Concept | year= 2014 | volume= 4 | issue= 1 | pages= 93-5 | pmid=24520522 | doi=10.5826/dpc.0401a16 | pmc=3919849 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24520522  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Papule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Skin-colored to brownish
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Umbilicated
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* 2 - 6 mm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Forehead]]
* [[Nose]]
* [[Cheeks]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Structureless yellow to whitish center surrounded by short linear "crown [[vessels]]"
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Usually in middle-aged or older patients
|-
| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Lichen planus-like keratosis'''<ref name="pmid16148406">{{cite journal| author=Morgan MB, Stevens GL, Switlyk S| title=Benign lichenoid keratosis: a clinical and pathologic reappraisal of 1040 cases. | journal=Am J Dermatopathol | year= 2005 | volume= 27 | issue= 5 | pages= 387-92 | pmid=16148406 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16148406  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Papule]]
* [[Plaques|Plaque]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Gray to brown
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Prominent
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Variable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Upper trunk]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Shows a coarse or fine, gray to blue, granular [[pigmentation]]
* Diffuse brownish gray [[granules]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Hypergranulosis]]
* [[Epidermal]] [[hyperplasia]]
* Superficial bandlike  infiltrate
* Melanophages
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Appearance depends on stage of evolution
|}
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Clinical Features
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physical Examination
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diagnostic Findings
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Endometriosis
|
*[[Dysmenorrhea]]
*[[Dyspareunia]]
*[[Infertility]]
*Common in women between 25 to 35 years
|
*[[Nodules]] in the [[posterior fornix]]
*[[Adnexal]] masses
*Fixed retroverted [[uterus]]
*Lateral displacement of the [[cervix]]
|
*Increased [[CA-125|serum cancer antigen-125]] 
*[[Nodule (medicine)|Nodules]] of the recto vaginal septum and hypoechoic, vascular mass on [[MRI]]
*Laproscopic visualization confirms the [[diagnosis]]
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Adenomyosis<ref name="pmid16782099">{{cite journal| author=Parker JD, Leondires M, Sinaii N, Premkumar A, Nieman LK, Stratton P| title=Persistence of dysmenorrhea and nonmenstrual pain after optimal endometriosis surgery may indicate adenomyosis. | journal=Fertil Steril | year= 2006 | volume= 86 | issue= 3 | pages= 711-5 | pmid=16782099 | doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.01.030 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16782099  }}</ref>
|
*[[Abnormal uterine bleeding]]
*[[Dysmenorrhea]]
*Common in women aged 40 and 50 years
|
* Diffuse [[uterine]] enlargement always less than size corresponding to less than 12 weeks of [[gestation]]
|
*Asymmetric thickening of the [[myometrium]] on [[MRI]]
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Submucous uterine [[Leiomyoma|leiomyomas]]<ref name="pmid26477496">{{cite journal| author=Donnez J, Donnez O, Matule D, Ahrendt HJ, Hudecek R, Zatik J et al.| title=Long-term medical management of uterine fibroids with ulipristal acetate. | journal=Fertil Steril | year= 2016 | volume= 105 | issue= 1 | pages= 165-173.e4 | pmid=26477496 | doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.09.032 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26477496  }}</ref>
|
*[[Menorrhagia]]
*[[Pelvic]] pressure and pain
*[[Infertility]]
*Peak age of onset 25 to 44 years of age
|
*Mobile [[uterus]] with an irregular contour
|
*[[Transvaginal ultrasound]] will demonstrate the presence of myomas
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pelvic Inflammatory disease<ref name="pmid24216035">{{cite journal| author=Ross J, Judlin P, Jensen J, International Union against sexually transmitted infections| title=2012 European guideline for the management of pelvic inflammatory disease. | journal=Int J STD AIDS | year= 2014 | volume= 25 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-7 | pmid=24216035 | doi=10.1177/0956462413498714 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24216035  }}</ref>
|
*Seen in patients with history of [[sexually transmitted disease]]
*History of multiple sexual partners 
*Common in women younger than 25 years of age
|
*[[Abdominal tenderness]] 
*Acute [[Cervical motion tenderness|cervical motion]], [[Uterus|uterine]], and adnexal tenderness
*Visualization of purulent endocervical discharge 
|
*Positive [[Nucleic acid test|Nucleic acid amplification tests]] for [[Chlamydia trachomatis]] and [[Neisseria gonorrhoeae|N. gonorrhoeae]]
*Gram negative [[diplococci]] on [[gram stain]]
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pelvic congestion Syndrome<ref name="pmid11133549">{{cite journal| author=Rozenblit AM, Ricci ZJ, Tuvia J, Amis ES| title=Incompetent and dilated ovarian veins: a common CT finding in asymptomatic parous women. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2001 | volume= 176 | issue= 1 | pages= 119-22 | pmid=11133549 | doi=10.2214/ajr.176.1.1760119 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11133549 }}</ref>
|
*Shifting lower abdominal pain
*Deep [[dyspareunia]]
*Post-coital pain
*Exacerbation of [[pain]] after prolonged standing 
|
*Bimanual [[tenderness]]
*[[Cervical motion tenderness]]
|
*[[Pelvic]] [[varicosities]] on [[ultrasound]] with reduced [[blood flow]]
|}
 
 
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 15:09, 26 March 2021


Cardiac surgery[1]

  1. ↑ Aya HD, Cecconi M, Hamilton M, Rhodes A (2013). "Goal-directed therapy in cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Br J Anaesth. 110 (4): 510–7. doi:10.1093/bja/aet020. PMID 23447502.
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