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===References===
===References===


# <ref name="pmid32119436">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2020 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=32119436 | doi= | pmc= | url= }}</ref>  
1. # <ref name="pmid32119436">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2020 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=32119436 | doi= | pmc= | url= }}</ref>  


2. <nowiki><ref>  </nowiki>[https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b <nowiki>https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b</nowiki><nowiki></ref></nowiki>]
2. <nowiki><ref>  </nowiki>[https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b <nowiki>https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b</nowiki><nowiki></ref></nowiki>]
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[[File:800px-Lymph node metastasis from neuroendocrine tumor.jpg|thumb|200px|none|Mesenterial lymph node metastasis from a neuroendocrine tumor of the midgut.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=neuroendocrine+tumor&title=Special%3ASearch&go=Go&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/File:Lymph_node_metastasis_from_neuroendocrine_tumor.jpg Source: WikiMedia commons.]]]
[[File:800px-Lymph node metastasis from neuroendocrine tumor.jpg|thumb|200px|none|Mesenterial lymph node metastasis from a neuroendocrine tumor of the midgut.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=neuroendocrine+tumor&title=Special%3ASearch&go=Go&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/File:Lymph_node_metastasis_from_neuroendocrine_tumor.jpg Source: WikiMedia commons.]]]


<ref name="pmid28701598">{{cite journal| author=Kiran U, Aggarwal S, Choudhary A, Uma B, Kapoor PM| title=The blalock and taussig shunt revisited. | journal=Ann Card Anaesth | year= 2017 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 323-330 | pmid=28701598 | doi=10.4103/aca.ACA_80_17 | pmc=5535574 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28701598  }} </ref>
3. <ref name="pmid28701598">{{cite journal| author=Kiran U, Aggarwal S, Choudhary A, Uma B, Kapoor PM| title=The blalock and taussig shunt revisited. | journal=Ann Card Anaesth | year= 2017 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 323-330 | pmid=28701598 | doi=10.4103/aca.ACA_80_17 | pmc=5535574 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28701598  }} </ref>
 
 
 


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 03:23, 9 November 2020

Hepatitis B

Epidemiology

Hepatitis B is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV). This is a DNA virus that belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family. It is a small virus formed by an hexagonal core containing the DNA polymerase and DNA. This core is surrounded by surface antigens (1). This virus is responsible of acute and chronic hepatitis, which may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is estimated that by 2015, 257 million people were living with chronic HBV (2). Although immunization regimens have been implemented in several countries, HBV still represents a burden to public health considering the long term complications it may bring. HBV prevalence varies according different regions, being Western Pacific and African region the ones with the highest percentages around 7.6 and 8.5 respectively (3).

Pathophysiology

Clinical features

Management

References

1. # [1]

2. <ref> https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b</ref>


Classification of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) and Related Disorders
Criteria Symptomatic WM Asymptomatic WM IgM-Related Disorders MGUS
IgM monoclonal protein + + + +
Bone marrow infiltration + + - -
Symptoms attributable to IgM + - + -
Symptoms attributable to tumor infiltration + - - -


Mesenterial lymph node metastasis from a neuroendocrine tumor of the midgut.Source: WikiMedia commons.

3. [2]

References

  1. "StatPearls". 2020. PMID 32119436 Check |pmid= value (help).
  2. Kiran U, Aggarwal S, Choudhary A, Uma B, Kapoor PM (2017). "The blalock and taussig shunt revisited". Ann Card Anaesth. 20 (3): 323–330. doi:10.4103/aca.ACA_80_17. PMC 5535574. PMID 28701598.

Ehrhart IC, Parker PE, Weidner WJ, Dabney JM, Scott JB, Haddy FJ, Teleha M, Slesárová L, Block J (September 1975). "Coronary vascular and myocardial responses to carotid body stimulation in the dog". Am J Physiol. 229 (3): 754–60. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1975.229.3.754. PMID 2017.