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===Epidemiology===
===Epidemiology===
Hepatitis B is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV). This is a DNA virus that belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family (1).  
Hepatitis B is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV). This is a DNA virus that belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family. It is a small virus formed by an hexagonal core containing the DNA polymerase and DNA. This core is surrounded by surface antigens (1). This virus is responsible of acute and chronic hepatitis, which may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is estimated that by 2015, 257 million people were living with chronic HBV (2). This represents a burden to public health considering the long term complications it may bring.  


===Pathophysiology===
===Pathophysiology===
Line 10: Line 10:
===Management===
===Management===


=== References ===
===References===
1. Mehta P, Reddivari AKR. Hepatitis. [Updated 2020 Sep 18]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554549/</nowiki>
1.<nowiki><ref> Mehta P, Reddivari AKR. Hepatitis. [Updated 2020 Sep 18]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554549/</ref></nowiki>
 
2. <nowiki><ref>  </nowiki>[https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b <nowiki>https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b</nowiki><nowiki></ref></nowiki>]
 
 
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|+'''Classification of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) and Related Disorders'''
|+'''Classification of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) and Related Disorders'''

Revision as of 03:05, 7 October 2020

Hepatitis B

Epidemiology

Hepatitis B is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV). This is a DNA virus that belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family. It is a small virus formed by an hexagonal core containing the DNA polymerase and DNA. This core is surrounded by surface antigens (1). This virus is responsible of acute and chronic hepatitis, which may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is estimated that by 2015, 257 million people were living with chronic HBV (2). This represents a burden to public health considering the long term complications it may bring.

Pathophysiology

Clinical features

Management

References

1.<ref> Mehta P, Reddivari AKR. Hepatitis. [Updated 2020 Sep 18]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554549/</ref>

2. <ref> https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b</ref>


Classification of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) and Related Disorders
Criteria Symptomatic WM Asymptomatic WM IgM-Related Disorders MGUS
IgM monoclonal protein + + + +
Bone marrow infiltration + + - -
Symptoms attributable to IgM + - + -
Symptoms attributable to tumor infiltration + - - -


Mesenterial lymph node metastasis from a neuroendocrine tumor of the midgut.Source: WikiMedia commons.

[1]



References

  1. Kiran U, Aggarwal S, Choudhary A, Uma B, Kapoor PM (2017). "The blalock and taussig shunt revisited". Ann Card Anaesth. 20 (3): 323–330. doi:10.4103/aca.ACA_80_17. PMC 5535574. PMID 28701598.