Sandbox:Leptospirosis: Difference between revisions
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==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
During the past few decades, leptospirosis has become seriously neglected, especially in countries of temperate regions. The main reasons for this situation are probably: 1) a relatively less number of cases noted in the temperate climate zone 2) well established, quite effective methods of therapy and prevention of the disease 3) seemingly well-determined epidemiologic situation concerning the disease. | During the past few decades, leptospirosis has become seriously neglected, especially in countries of temperate regions. The main reasons for this situation are probably: 1) a relatively less number of cases noted in the temperate climate zone 2) well established, quite effective methods of therapy and prevention of the disease 3) seemingly well-determined epidemiologic situation concerning the disease.<ref name="pmid21414083">{{cite journal| author=Hartskeerl RA, Collares-Pereira M, Ellis WA| title=Emergence, control and re-emerging leptospirosis: dynamics of infection in the changing world. | journal=Clin Microbiol Infect | year= 2011 | volume= 17 | issue= 4 | pages= 494-501 | pmid=21414083 | doi=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03474.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21414083 }} </ref> | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
Revision as of 14:26, 21 February 2017
Overview
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disorder with ubiquitous distribution, caused by Leptospira species.
Historical Perspective
Association of renal failure with icteric leptospirosis, was first reported over 100 years ago and described by Adolf Weil.
Pathophysiology
The disease leptospirosis involves a spectrum of symptoms ranging from subclinical infection to a severe syndrome of multiorgan infection with high mortality and Weil’s disease represents only the most severe presentation. Severe leptospirosis is frequently caused by serovars of the icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup. The presentation of leptospirosis is biphasic, with the acute or septicemic phase lasting about a week, followed by the immune phase, characterized by antibody production and excretion of leptospires in the urine.[1]
Causes
Severe leptospirosis is frequently caused by serovars of the icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Overview
During the past few decades, leptospirosis has become seriously neglected, especially in countries of temperate regions. The main reasons for this situation are probably: 1) a relatively less number of cases noted in the temperate climate zone 2) well established, quite effective methods of therapy and prevention of the disease 3) seemingly well-determined epidemiologic situation concerning the disease.[2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
Incidence
Case Fatality Rate
Age
Gender
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
Natural History, Complications & Prognosis
Natural History
Complications
Complications of leptospirosis are associated with localization of pathogen(Leptospires) within the tissues during the immune phase, eventually present during the second week of the illness.
Daignosis
History & Symptoms
The clinical presentation of leptospirosis is biphasic, with the acute or septicemic phase lasting about a week, followed by the immune phase, characterized by antibody production and excretion of leptospires in the urine.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Levett, P. N. (2001). "Leptospirosis". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 14 (2): 296–326. doi:10.1128/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001. ISSN 0893-8512.
- ↑ Hartskeerl RA, Collares-Pereira M, Ellis WA (2011). "Emergence, control and re-emerging leptospirosis: dynamics of infection in the changing world". Clin Microbiol Infect. 17 (4): 494–501. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03474.x. PMID 21414083.