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{{family tree/start}}
{{family tree/start}}


{{family tree | | | | | | | A01 | A01=Dermatitis }}
{{Family tree | | | | | C01 | | C02 | | C03 | | C04 | | C05 | | C07 | | C06 | | | | |C01= Exercise| C02= Calcium Supplementation| C03= Vitamin D supplementation| C04=Smoking cessation| C05= Reduced alcohol consumption| C06= Fall protection|C07= Hip protectors}}
{{family tree | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{Family tree | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |}}
{{family tree | | | | |,|-|-|+|-|-|-|.|}}
{{Family tree |boxstyle=text-align: left; | | | | | C01 | | C02 | | C03 | | C04 | | C05 | | C07 | | C06 | |C01=• Balance, strength and functional training exercises|C02='''Women'''<br>• 9-18 yrs: 1,300 mg<br>• 19-50 yrs: 1,000 mg<br>• 51-70 yrs: 1,200 mg <br>• 71 and more yrs: 1,200 mg<br>'''Men'''<br>• 50-70 yrs: 1,000 mg <br>• 71 and more yrs: 1,200 mg| C03='''Women'''<br>• 9-18 yrs: 600 IU<br>• 19-50 yrs: 600 IU<br>• 51-70 yrs: 600 IU <br>• 71 and more yrs: 800 IU<br>'''Men'''<br>• More than 50 yrs: 800-1,000 IU <br> <br>• '''''Serum vitamin D level of 20 ng per mL (50 nmol per L) is recommended for good bone health'''''| C04= • Stop-smoking program and nicotine patch|C05= '''Limit to:''' <br>• One drink/day for women<br>• Two drinks/day for men<br> <br>• '''''Moderate alcohol may associated with slightly higher BMD and lower fracture risk in postmenopausal women'''''| C06= '''Multifactorial interventions:'''<br>• Individual risk assessment<br>• Tai Chi and other exercise programs<br>• Home safety assessment and modification by an occupational therapist<br>• Gradual withdrawal of psychotropic medication<br>• Visual impairment correction<br>• Improve mobility |C07= • Hard and soft hip protectors, upon preference}}
{{family tree | | | | A02 || A06 || A03 | A02=Eczema | A03=Atopic| A06=pimple}}
{{family tree | | | | |!| | | | | | |!|}}
{{family tree | | | | A04 | | | | | | A05 | A04=psoriasis| A05=Bullae}}
{{family tree/end}}
{{family tree/end}}
{{Family tree/start}}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01= '''Lifestyle modifications'''}}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | C01 | | C02 | | C03 | | C04 | | C05 | | C07 | | | | | | | C06 | | | | | | | | | | |C01= Exercise| C02= Calcium Supplementation| C03= Vitamin D supplementation| C04=Smoking cessation| C05= Reduced alcohol consumption| C06= Fall protection|C07= Hip protectors}}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | C01 | | C02 | | C03 | | C04 | | C05 | | C07 | | | | | | | | | | C06 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |C01= Balance, strength and functional training exercises|C02='''Women'''<br>• 9-18 yrs: 1,300 mg<br>• 19-50 yrs: 1,000 mg<br>• 51-70 yrs: 1,200 mg <br>• 71 and more yrs: 1,200 mg<br>'''Men'''<br>• 50-70 yrs: 1,000 mg <br>• 71 and more yrs: 1,200 mg| C03='''Women'''<br>• 9-18 yrs: 600 IU<br>• 19-50 yrs: 600 IU<br>• 51-70 yrs: 600 IU <br>• 71 and more yrs: 800 IU<br>'''Men'''<br>• More than 50 yrs: 800-1,000 IU <br> <br>• '''''Serum vitamin D level of 20 ng per mL (50 nmol per L) is recommended for good bone health'''''| C04= • Stop-smoking program • Nicotine patch|C05= Limit to: <br>• One drink/day for women<br>• Two drinks/day for men<br>• Moderate alcohol may associated with slightly higher BMD and lower fracture risk in postmenopausal women| C06= Multifactorial interventions:<br>• Individual risk assessment<br>• Tai Chi and other exercise programs<br>• Home safety assessment and modification by an occupational therapist<br><br>• Gradual withdrawal of psychotropic medication<br>• Visual impairment correction<br>• Improve mobility |C07= Hard and soft hip protectors, upon preference}}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | |`|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|'| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | C01 | | | | C02 | | | | | | | | | | | | C03 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |C01= '''Chronic corticosteroid use'''| C02= '''Children and adolescent'''| C03= '''Adults'''}}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | C01 | | | | | | | | | | C02 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |C01= Men| C02= Women}}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | C01 | | | | | | | | | | C02 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |C01=• Young hypogonadal<br>• More than 70 yrs<br>• Less than 70 yrs with:<br>••Low body weight<br>••Prior fracture<br>••High risk medication use<br>••Disease or condition associated with bone loss | C02=• More than 65 yrs<br>• Postmenopausal women younger than 65 yrs with:<br>••History of fragility fracture<br>•• Weigh less than 127 lb (58 kg)<br>••Medications or diseases that cause bone loss<br>•• Parental history of hip fracture<br>•• smoking <br>•• Alcoholism<br>•• Rheumatoid arthritis.}}
{{Family tree/end}}

Revision as of 20:03, 22 August 2017


The following signs may be seen:

  1. Sunsetting signs
    1. Associated with tumor
    2. Associated with disease
    3. Associated with tumor
  2. ABC
  3. DEF
 
 
 
 
Exercise
 
Calcium Supplementation
 
Vitamin D supplementation
 
Smoking cessation
 
Reduced alcohol consumption
 
Hip protectors
 
Fall protection
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• Balance, strength and functional training exercises
 
Women
• 9-18 yrs: 1,300 mg
• 19-50 yrs: 1,000 mg
• 51-70 yrs: 1,200 mg
• 71 and more yrs: 1,200 mg
Men
• 50-70 yrs: 1,000 mg
• 71 and more yrs: 1,200 mg
 
Women
• 9-18 yrs: 600 IU
• 19-50 yrs: 600 IU
• 51-70 yrs: 600 IU
• 71 and more yrs: 800 IU
Men
• More than 50 yrs: 800-1,000 IU

Serum vitamin D level of 20 ng per mL (50 nmol per L) is recommended for good bone health
 
• Stop-smoking program and nicotine patch
 
Limit to:
• One drink/day for women
• Two drinks/day for men

Moderate alcohol may associated with slightly higher BMD and lower fracture risk in postmenopausal women
 
• Hard and soft hip protectors, upon preference
 
Multifactorial interventions:
• Individual risk assessment
• Tai Chi and other exercise programs
• Home safety assessment and modification by an occupational therapist
• Gradual withdrawal of psychotropic medication
• Visual impairment correction
• Improve mobility
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lifestyle modifications
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exercise
 
Calcium Supplementation
 
Vitamin D supplementation
 
Smoking cessation
 
Reduced alcohol consumption
 
Hip protectors
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fall protection
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, strength and functional training exercises
 
Women
• 9-18 yrs: 1,300 mg
• 19-50 yrs: 1,000 mg
• 51-70 yrs: 1,200 mg
• 71 and more yrs: 1,200 mg
Men
• 50-70 yrs: 1,000 mg
• 71 and more yrs: 1,200 mg
 
Women
• 9-18 yrs: 600 IU
• 19-50 yrs: 600 IU
• 51-70 yrs: 600 IU
• 71 and more yrs: 800 IU
Men
• More than 50 yrs: 800-1,000 IU

Serum vitamin D level of 20 ng per mL (50 nmol per L) is recommended for good bone health
 
• Stop-smoking program • Nicotine patch
 
Limit to:
• One drink/day for women
• Two drinks/day for men
• Moderate alcohol may associated with slightly higher BMD and lower fracture risk in postmenopausal women
 
Hard and soft hip protectors, upon preference
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multifactorial interventions:
• Individual risk assessment
• Tai Chi and other exercise programs
• Home safety assessment and modification by an occupational therapist

• Gradual withdrawal of psychotropic medication
• Visual impairment correction
• Improve mobility
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chronic corticosteroid use
 
 
 
Children and adolescent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adults
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Men
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Women
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• Young hypogonadal
• More than 70 yrs
• Less than 70 yrs with:
••Low body weight
••Prior fracture
••High risk medication use
••Disease or condition associated with bone loss
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• More than 65 yrs
• Postmenopausal women younger than 65 yrs with:
••History of fragility fracture
•• Weigh less than 127 lb (58 kg)
••Medications or diseases that cause bone loss
•• Parental history of hip fracture
•• smoking
•• Alcoholism
•• Rheumatoid arthritis.