Salmonellosis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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==History==
==History==
The initial evaluation of the patient should assess the severity of the disease, the need for [[rehydration]] and a detailed history, to identify the likely cause of the disease.<ref name="pmid14702426">{{cite journal| author=Thielman NM, Guerrant RL| title=Clinical practice. Acute infectious diarrhea. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 1 | pages= 38-47 | pmid=14702426 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp031534 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14702426  }} </ref>
The initial evaluation of the patient should assess the severity of the disease and the need for [[rehydration]]and include detailed history taking in order to identify the likely cause of the disease.<ref name="pmid14702426">{{cite journal| author=Thielman NM, Guerrant RL| title=Clinical practice. Acute infectious diarrhea. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 1 | pages= 38-47 | pmid=14702426 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp031534 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14702426  }} </ref> A detailed history particularly of the 72 hours prior to the presentation is essential for diagnosis. Inquiries should be made regarding:<ref name="pmid14702426">{{cite journal| author=Thielman NM, Guerrant RL| title=Clinical practice. Acute infectious diarrhea. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 1 | pages= 38-47 | pmid=14702426 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp031534 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14702426  }} </ref>
*Recent travel history
*Presence of similar symptoms among close contacts
*Details of recent meals
*Visits to farms or zoos
*Contact with pets, rodents, reptiles
*Occupation
*Recent antibiotic use
*Day-care attendance
*Medication


A detailed history, particularly of the 72 hours prior to the presentation to the doctor is essential for the correct [[diagnosis]] of salmonellosis.  A recent travel history, existence of family members, or close friends, with similar [[symptoms]], details of recent meals, ingestion of potentially infected foods, recent visits to farms or zoo, regular medications, underlying diseases, and current occupation should be asked.  If the patient is a child or is unable to communicate, then this information should be obtained from the family member or person accompanying the patient.<ref name="pmid14702426">{{cite journal| author=Thielman NM, Guerrant RL| title=Clinical practice. Acute infectious diarrhea. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 1 | pages= 38-47 | pmid=14702426 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp031534 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14702426  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8815110">{{cite journal| author=Choi SW, Park CH, Silva TM, Zaenker EI, Guerrant RL| title=To culture or not to culture: fecal lactoferrin screening for inflammatory bacterial diarrhea. | journal=J Clin Microbiol | year= 1996 | volume= 34 | issue= 4 | pages= 928-32 | pmid=8815110 | doi= | pmc=PMC228919 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8815110 }} </ref>
If the patient is a child or is unable to communicate, then this information should be obtained from the family member or person accompanying the patient.<ref name="pmid14702426">{{cite journal| author=Thielman NM, Guerrant RL| title=Clinical practice. Acute infectious diarrhea. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 1 | pages= 38-47 | pmid=14702426 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp031534 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14702426  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8815110">{{cite journal| author=Choi SW, Park CH, Silva TM, Zaenker EI, Guerrant RL| title=To culture or not to culture: fecal lactoferrin screening for inflammatory bacterial diarrhea. | journal=J Clin Microbiol | year= 1996 | volume= 34 | issue= 4 | pages= 928-32 | pmid=8815110 | doi= | pmc=PMC228919 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8815110  }} </ref>
 
History of recent [[antibiotics]] should also be asked, as well as day-care attendance.<ref name="pmid14702426">{{cite journal| author=Thielman NM, Guerrant RL| title=Clinical practice. Acute infectious diarrhea. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 1 | pages= 38-47 | pmid=14702426 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp031534 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14702426 }} </ref>


==Common Symptoms==
==Common Symptoms==
[[Symptoms]] of salmonellosis are often indistinguishable from those caused by other [[pathogens]]. Symptoms usually have an acute onset and include:<ref name="pmid17146467">{{cite journal| author=Coburn B, Grassl GA, Finlay BB| title=Salmonella, the host and disease: a brief review. | journal=Immunol Cell Biol | year= 2007 | volume= 85 | issue= 2 | pages= 112-8 | pmid=17146467 | doi=10.1038/sj.icb.7100007 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17146467  }} </ref>
[[Symptoms]] of salmonellosis are often indistinguishable from those caused by other [[pathogens]]. Symptoms usually have an acute onset and include:<ref name="pmid17146467">{{cite journal| author=Coburn B, Grassl GA, Finlay BB| title=Salmonella, the host and disease: a brief review. | journal=Immunol Cell Biol | year= 2007 | volume= 85 | issue= 2 | pages= 112-8 | pmid=17146467 | doi=10.1038/sj.icb.7100007 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17146467  }} </ref>
*[[Fever]]
*[[Fever]]
*Cramping [[abdominal pain]]
*[[Abdominal pain]] that is usually cramping in nature
*[[Diarrhea]] - may consist of nonbloody, loose stools, in moderate volume, or large volume of watery, bloody stool
*[[Diarrhea]] that may present with nonbloody or bloody stool
*[[Nausea]]
*[[Nausea]]
*[[Vomiting]]  
*[[Vomiting]]  
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[[Category:Zoonoses]]
[[Category:Zoonoses]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]

Latest revision as of 18:41, 18 September 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jolanta Marszalek, M.D. [2] João André Alves Silva, M.D. [3]

Overview

Patients with Salmonellosis typically present with acute bloody or non-bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and fever.[1] A detailed clinical history should include recent food ingestion, recent travel, and contact with family members and friends with similar symptoms. [2]

History

The initial evaluation of the patient should assess the severity of the disease and the need for rehydrationand include detailed history taking in order to identify the likely cause of the disease.[2] A detailed history particularly of the 72 hours prior to the presentation is essential for diagnosis. Inquiries should be made regarding:[2]

  • Recent travel history
  • Presence of similar symptoms among close contacts
  • Details of recent meals
  • Visits to farms or zoos
  • Contact with pets, rodents, reptiles
  • Occupation
  • Recent antibiotic use
  • Day-care attendance
  • Medication

If the patient is a child or is unable to communicate, then this information should be obtained from the family member or person accompanying the patient.[2][3]

Common Symptoms

Symptoms of salmonellosis are often indistinguishable from those caused by other pathogens. Symptoms usually have an acute onset and include:[1]

In children, infection is associated with longer duration as well as increased frequency of bloody diarrhea.[1]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Coburn B, Grassl GA, Finlay BB (2007). "Salmonella, the host and disease: a brief review". Immunol Cell Biol. 85 (2): 112–8. doi:10.1038/sj.icb.7100007. PMID 17146467.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Thielman NM, Guerrant RL (2004). "Clinical practice. Acute infectious diarrhea". N Engl J Med. 350 (1): 38–47. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp031534. PMID 14702426.
  3. Choi SW, Park CH, Silva TM, Zaenker EI, Guerrant RL (1996). "To culture or not to culture: fecal lactoferrin screening for inflammatory bacterial diarrhea". J Clin Microbiol. 34 (4): 928–32. PMC 228919. PMID 8815110.


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