Salivary gland tumor pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Line 5: Line 5:
The pathophysiology of salivary gland tumors depends on the histological subtype.<ref name="librepathology">  Salivary glands. Libre pathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Salivary_glands Accessed on November 11, 2015</ref>
The pathophysiology of salivary gland tumors depends on the histological subtype.<ref name="librepathology">  Salivary glands. Libre pathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Salivary_glands Accessed on November 11, 2015</ref>
==Pathophysiology==
==Pathophysiology==
 
The [[parotid gland]] is the most frequent site of salivary gland tumors which accounts for approximately 80 to 85 percent of these tumors.<ref>Barnes, Leon. Pathology and genetics of head and neck tumours. Lyon: IARC Press, 2005. Print.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Marco Guzzo]], [[Laura D. Locati]], [[Franz J. Prott]], [[Gemma Gatta]], [[Mark McGurk]] & [[Lisa Licitra]] | title = Major and minor salivary gland tumors
| journal = [[Critical reviews in oncology/hematology]] | volume = 74 | issue = 2 | pages = 134–148 | year = 2010 | month = May | doi = 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.10.004
| pmid = 019939701}}</ref> About 75 percent of parotid lesions are benign and approximately 25 percent are malignant.<ref>{{Cite journal | author = [[R. H. Spiro]]
| title = Salivary neoplasms: overview of a 35-year experience with 2,807 patients | journal = [[Head & neck surgery]] | volume = 8 | issue = 3 | pages = 177–184 | year = 1986 | month = January-February | pmid = 03744850}}</ref>
Less frequently, salivary gland tumors originate in the [[sublingual]], [[submandibular]], and minor salivary glands, which are located throughout the submucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract and  mouth.<ref>{{Cite journal | author = [[Marco Guzzo]], [[Laura D. Locati]], [[Franz J. Prott]], [[Gemma Gatta]], [[Mark McGurk]] & [[Lisa Licitra]]
| title = Major and minor salivary gland tumors | journal = [[Critical reviews in oncology/hematology]] | volume = 74 | issue = 2 | pages = 134–148 | year = 2010
| month = May | doi = 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.10.004 | pmid = 019939701}}</ref>
*In comparison to tumors arising in the parotid, 70 to 90 percent of sublingual gland tumors, 50 to 75 percent of minor salivary gland tumors, and 40 to 45 percent of [[submandibular]] gland tumors are [[malignant]]. Approximately 85% of salivary gland tumors occur in the parotid glands, followed by the minor salivary glands and submandibular, and about 1% occur in the [[sublingual]] [[glands]]. Overall approximately 80% of all parotid masses are benign.<ref name="radio">  Salivary gland tumors. Radiopedia(2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/salivary-gland-tumours Accessed on November 8, 2015</ref>
*Histologically, [[pleomorphic adenoma]] is the most common type of benign salivary gland tumor, which comprises about half of all salivary tumors. Other rarer benign salivary gland tumors include  [[basal cell]] [[adenoma]], [[Warthin]] [[tumor]], and [[canalicular adenoma]]. The most common malignant salivary gland tumors are [[adenoid]] [[cystic]] carcinoma and [[mucoepidermoid]] carcinoma, which together constitute approximately one-half of all malignant salivary gland tumors.
===Histological features of benign tumors===
===Histological features of benign tumors===
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 800px;" align=center
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 800px;" align=center

Revision as of 04:00, 14 November 2015

Salivary gland tumor Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Salivary gland tumor from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Staging

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB)

Head X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Salivary gland tumor pathophysiology On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Salivary gland tumor pathophysiology

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Salivary gland tumor pathophysiology

CDC on Salivary gland tumor pathophysiology

Salivary gland tumor pathophysiology in the news

Blogs on Salivary gland tumor pathophysiology

Directions to Hospitals Treating Salivary gland tumor

Risk calculators and risk factors for Salivary gland tumor pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]

Overview

The pathophysiology of salivary gland tumors depends on the histological subtype.[1]

Pathophysiology

The parotid gland is the most frequent site of salivary gland tumors which accounts for approximately 80 to 85 percent of these tumors.[2][3] About 75 percent of parotid lesions are benign and approximately 25 percent are malignant.[4] Less frequently, salivary gland tumors originate in the sublingual, submandibular, and minor salivary glands, which are located throughout the submucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract and mouth.[5]

  • In comparison to tumors arising in the parotid, 70 to 90 percent of sublingual gland tumors, 50 to 75 percent of minor salivary gland tumors, and 40 to 45 percent of submandibular gland tumors are malignant. Approximately 85% of salivary gland tumors occur in the parotid glands, followed by the minor salivary glands and submandibular, and about 1% occur in the sublingual glands. Overall approximately 80% of all parotid masses are benign.[6]
  • Histologically, pleomorphic adenoma is the most common type of benign salivary gland tumor, which comprises about half of all salivary tumors. Other rarer benign salivary gland tumors include basal cell adenoma, Warthin tumor, and canalicular adenoma. The most common malignant salivary gland tumors are adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, which together constitute approximately one-half of all malignant salivary gland tumors.

Histological features of benign tumors
Entity Architecture Morphology Cell borders Cytoplasm Nucleus Differential Diagnosis Other
Pleomorphic adenoma Variable Mixed proportion; must include:
  • Myoepithelium
  • Mesenchymal stroma
  • Epithelium (ductal cells) or
  • Chondromyxoid stroma
 Variable Variable Plasmacytoid Adenoid cystic carcinoma Occasionally encapsulated, mixed proportion of glandular, myoepithelial and mesenchymal cells
Warthin tumor Papillary, bilayer Cuboid (basal), columnar (apical) Clearly seen Eosinophilic, abundant Unremarkable Sebaceous lymphadenoma AKA papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
Basal cell adenoma Variable, islands surrounded by hyaline bands, lesion encapsulated Basaloid Subtle Scant, hyperchromatic Granular Basal cell adenocarcinoma
Canalicular adenoma Chains of cells Cuboid or columnar Subtle Scant, hyperchromatic Granular Basal cell adenoma Exclusively oral cavity, 80% in upper lip; immunohistochemistry: p63-
Sialoblastoma Variable, islands surrounded by loose fibrous stroma Basaloid Subtle Scant, hyperchromatic Granular Adenoid cystic carcinoma Basal cell adenocarcinoma

Histological features of malignant tumors
Entity Architecture Morphology Cell borders Cytoplasm Nucleus Differential Diagnosis Other
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma Cystic and solid Epitheloid Distinct Fuffy, clear, abundant Nuclei small SCC (?) Immunohistochemistry: p63+
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) Pseudocysts, cribriform, solid, hyaline stroma Epitheloid Subtle Scant, hyperchromatic Small+/-"carrot-shaped" Pleomorphic adenoma, Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) Stains: PAS+ (pseudocyst material), CD117+, cyclin D1+
Acinic cell carcinoma (AcCC) Sheets, acinar (islands) Epithelioid Clear Granular abundant Stippled, +/-occasional nucleoli Adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified, oncocytoma of salivary gland Stains: PAS +ve, PAS-D +ve; Immunohistochemistry: S-100 -ve, p63 -ve
Salivary duct carcinoma Glandular, cribriform Columnar Subtle/clear Hyperchromatic Columnar Metastatic breast carcinoma Similar to ductal breast carcinoma; male>female
Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma Variable, often small nests, may be targetoid Epithelioid Indistinct Eosinophilic Ovoid & small with small nucleoli Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) Minor salivary gland tumour, often in palate, cytologically monotonous; IHC: S-100+, CK+, vim.+, GFAP+/-, BCL2+/-
Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma Nests (myoepithelial) with tubules (epithelial) Epithelioid Not distinct Eosinophilic cytoplasm; epithelial: scant; myoepithelial: moderate Focal clearing Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), pleomorphic adenoma Rare
Basal cell adenocarcinoma Variable, islands surrounded by hyaline bands, lesion not encapsulated Basaloid Subtle Scant, hyperchromatic Granular Basal cell adenoma Rare, usually parotid gland, may arise from a basal cell adenoma
  • Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma

    Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma

  • Warthin tumor

    Warthin tumor

  • Adenoid cystic carcinoma

    Adenoid cystic carcinoma

  • Basal cell adenocarcinoma

    Basal cell adenocarcinoma

  • Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma

    Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma

  • Salivary duct carcinoma

    Salivary duct carcinoma

  • Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

    Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

  • Pleomorphic adenoma

    Pleomorphic adenoma

  • Acinic cell carcinoma

    Acinic cell carcinoma

References

  1. ↑ Salivary glands. Libre pathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Salivary_glands Accessed on November 11, 2015
  2. ↑ Barnes, Leon. Pathology and genetics of head and neck tumours. Lyon: IARC Press, 2005. Print.
  3. ↑ Marco Guzzo, Laura D. Locati, Franz J. Prott, Gemma Gatta, Mark McGurk & Lisa Licitra (2010). "Major and minor salivary gland tumors". Critical reviews in oncology/hematology. 74 (2): 134–148. doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.10.004. PMID 019939701. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ R. H. Spiro (1986). "Salivary neoplasms: overview of a 35-year experience with 2,807 patients". Head & neck surgery. 8 (3): 177–184. PMID 03744850. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ Marco Guzzo, Laura D. Locati, Franz J. Prott, Gemma Gatta, Mark McGurk & Lisa Licitra (2010). "Major and minor salivary gland tumors". Critical reviews in oncology/hematology. 74 (2): 134–148. doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.10.004. PMID 019939701. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ Salivary gland tumors. Radiopedia(2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/salivary-gland-tumours Accessed on November 8, 2015

Template:WikiDoc Sources

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Salivary_gland_tumor_pathophysiology&oldid=1186964"