Rheumatoid arthritis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Epidemiology
- The overall age- and sex-adjusted annual Rheumatoid arthritis incidence is 40.9/100,000 population.[1].
- Onset is uncommon under the age of 15 and from then on the incidence rises with age until the age of 80.
- An estimate of 1.3 million adults had Rheumatoid arthritis in 2007, affecting women two to three times as often as men. The incidence as well as prevalence of RA in women appears to have increased over the last decade.[2]
- The lifetime risk of RA in adults is 3.6 % for women and 1.7% for men.[3]
- Cigarette smoking is a strong risk factor for developing RA. The duration of smoking and not the number of packs of cigarettes smoked daily co-related strongly with increased risk of RA.[4]
- Some Native American groups have higher prevalence rates (5-6%) and black persons from the Caribbean region have lower prevalence rates. First-degree relatives prevalence rate is 2-3% and disease genetic concordance in monozygotic twins is approximately 12-15% compared to 3.5% in Dizygotic twins.[5]
- It is strongly associated with the inherited tissue type Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen HLA-DR4 (most specifically DR0401 and 0404) — hence family history is an important risk factor.[6]
References
- ↑ Myasoedova E, Crowson CS, Kremers HM, Therneau TM, Gabriel SE (2010). "Is the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis rising?: results from Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1955-2007". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 62 (6): 1576–82. doi:10.1002/art.27425. PMC 2929692. PMID 20191579. Retrieved 2012-04-25. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Helmick CG, Felson DT, Lawrence RC; et al. (2008). "Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States. Part I". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 58 (1): 15–25. doi:10.1002/art.23177. PMID 18163481. Retrieved 2012-04-25. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Crowson CS, Matteson EL, Myasoedova E; et al. (2011). "The lifetime risk of adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory autoimmune rheumatic diseases". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 63 (3): 633–9. doi:10.1002/art.30155. PMC 3078757. PMID 21360492. Retrieved 2012-04-25. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Karlson EW, Lee IM, Cook NR, Manson JE, Buring JE, Hennekens CH (1999). <910::AID-ANR9>3.0.CO;2-D "A retrospective cohort study of cigarette smoking and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in female health professionals". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 42 (5): 910–7. doi:10.1002/1529-0131(199905)42:5<910::AID-ANR9>3.0.CO;2-D. PMID 10323446. Retrieved 2012-04-25. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Aho K, Koskenvuo M, Tuominen J, Kaprio J (1986). "Occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis in a nationwide series of twins". The Journal of Rheumatology. 13 (5): 899–902. PMID 3820198. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Arias MV, Domingues EV, Lozano RB, Flores CV, Peralta MM, Salinas CZ (2010). "Study of class I and II HLA alleles in 30 ecuadorian patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with alleles from healthy and affected subjects with other rheumatic diseases". Revista Brasileira De Reumatologia. 50 (4): 423–33. PMID 21125177. Retrieved 2012-04-25. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)