Respiratory acidosis causes: Difference between revisions

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{{Respiratory acidosis}}
{{Respiratory acidosis}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
Common causes of [[respiratory acidosis]] include [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] ([[COPD]]), [[Neuromuscular]] diseases, [[Chest wall]] disorders, [[obesity]]-[[hypoventilation]] [[syndrome]], [[Obstructive sleep apnea]] (OSA), the [[Central nervous system]] (CNS) depression, [[lung]] and airway diseases etc.
== Causes ==
== Causes ==
===Acute===
===Common Causes===
* Acute respiratory acidosis occurs when an abrupt failure of ventilation occurs.
Respiratory acidosis may be caused by:
* This failure in ventilation may be caused by
* Patients suffering from [[COPD]] conditions like [[Emphysema]], [[chronic bronchitis]], [[asthma]].<ref name="pmid11262556">{{cite journal |vauthors=Epstein SK, Singh N |title=Respiratory acidosis |journal=Respir Care |volume=46 |issue=4 |pages=366–83 |year=2001 |pmid=11262556 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15334044">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fanfulla F, Cascone L, Taurino AE |title=Sleep disordered breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |journal=Minerva Med. |volume=95 |issue=4 |pages=307–21 |year=2004 |pmid=15334044 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3303884">{{cite journal |vauthors=Checkoway H, Dement JM, Fowler DP, Harris RL, Lamm SH, Smith TJ |title=Industrial hygiene involvement in occupational epidemiology |journal=Am Ind Hyg Assoc J |volume=48 |issue=6 |pages=515–23 |year=1987 |pmid=3303884 |doi=10.1080/15298668791385147 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22500110">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bruno CM, Valenti M |title=Acid-base disorders in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pathophysiological review |journal=J. Biomed. Biotechnol. |volume=2012 |issue= |pages=915150 |year=2012 |pmid=22500110 |pmc=3303884 |doi=10.1155/2012/915150 |url=}}</ref>
** Depression of the [[central respiratory center]] by cerebral disease or drugs,
* Chest wall disorders like [[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis|amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]] (ALS), [[Paralysis]] and dysfunction of [[diaphragm]], [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]]([[Ascending paralysis]]), [[Myasthenia gravis]]([[Acetylcholine receptor]] [[antibodies]]), [[Muscular dystrophy]], [[Botulism]]([[food poisoning]] caused by a [[bacterium]])
** Inability to ventilate adequately due to [[neuromuscular disease]] (eg, [[myasthenia gravis]], [[amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]], [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]], [[muscular dystrophy]]),
* [[Obesity]]-[[hypoventilation]] [[syndrome]]: A condition which is seen most commonly in which severely [[overweight]] people who fail to breathe deeply enough, which results in low [[blood]] [[oxygen]] levels and high blood [[carbon dioxide]] ([[CO2|CO<sub>2</sub>]]) levels.<ref name="pmid20488285">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brown LK |title=Hypoventilation syndromes |journal=Clin. Chest Med. |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=249–70 |year=2010 |pmid=20488285 |doi=10.1016/j.ccm.2010.03.002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19452386">{{cite journal |vauthors=Berger KI, Goldring RM, Rapoport DM |title=Obesity hypoventilation syndrome |journal=Semin Respir Crit Care Med |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=253–61 |year=2009 |pmid=19452386 |doi=10.1055/s-0029-1222439 |url=}}</ref>
** Airway obstruction related to asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation.
* [[Obstructive sleep apnea]] (OSA): OSA frequency increases with [[age]] and [[obesity]]. In this condition, breath can become very shallow or one may even stop breathing.<ref name="pmid22032434">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chebbo A, Tfaili A, Jones SF |title=Hypoventilation syndromes |journal=Med. Clin. North Am. |volume=95 |issue=6 |pages=1189–202 |year=2011 |pmid=22032434 |doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2011.09.002 |url=}}</ref>
* [[Central nervous system]] (CNS) depression:
** '''[[Drugs]]''': Drugs like [[Narcotic|narcotics]], [[Barbiturate|barbiturates]], [[Benzodiazepine|benzodiazepines]] which depress the central respiratory system.
** '''Neurologic disorders''': like [[trauma]], brainstem disease, and [[encephalitis]].
** '''[[Primary alveolar hypoventilation]]''': Its a disorder in which it results in respiratory arrest during sleep.
** '''Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome''': It is rare but lifelong and life-threatening disorder. It affects both [[central]] and [[autonomic]] nervous system which controls [[heart rate]], [[blood pressure]], sensing of [[oxygen]] and [[carbon dioxide]] levels in the blood, [[temperature]] etc.Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome is also called as ''Ondine curse.''
'''Less Common Causes'''


===Chronic===
Less common causes of disease name include:
* Chronic respiratory acidosis may be secondary to many disorders such as
* [[Laryngeal]] and [[tracheal stenosis]]
** [[COPD]] - Hypoventilation in COPD involves multiple mechanisms, including decreased responsiveness to [[Hypoxia (medical)|hypoxia]] and [[hypercapnia]], increased [[ventilation-perfusion mismatch]] leading to increased [[dead space]] ventilation, and decreased [[diaphragm (anatomy)|diaphragm]] function secondary to fatigue and hyperinflation.
* [[Interstitial]] lung disease
** [[Obesity hypoventilation syndrome]] (i.e., [[Pickwickian syndrome]]), neuromuscular disorders such as [[amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]], and severe restrictive ventilatory defects as observed in interstitial fibrosis and [[thoracic]] deformities.
** Lung diseases that primarily cause abnormality in [[alveolar gas exchange]] usually do not cause hypoventilation but tend to cause stimulation of ventilation and hypocapnia secondary to hypoxia. Hypercapnia only occurs if severe disease or respiratory muscle fatigue occurs.


===Common Causes===
===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===


{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Agrocide]], [[Agronexit]], [[Aparasin]], [[Aphtiria]], [[Ben-Hex]], [[Benhexol]], [[Benzene hexachloride]], [[Bexol]], [[Chloresene]], [[Cone shell poisoning]], [[HCH-gamma]], [[Hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma)]], [[Lindane]], [[Poison hemlock]], [[Tetrodotoxin]], [[Tick paralysis]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Agrocide]], [[Agronexit]], [[Aparasin]], [[Aphtiria]], [[Ben-Hex]], [[Benhexol]], [[Benzene hexachloride]], [[Bexol]], [[Chloresene]], [[Cone shell poisoning]], [[HCH-gamma]], [[Hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma)]], [[Lindane]], [[Poison hemlock]], [[Tetrodotoxin]], [[Tick paralysis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetylcarbromal]], [[Alfentanil]], [[Alprazolam]], [[Amylobarbitone]], [[Barbitone]], [[Bromazepam]], [[Brotizolam]], [[Butabarbital]], [[Butalbital]], [[Butobarbitone]], [[Camazepam]], [[Chlordiazepoxide]], [[Cinolazepam]], [[Clobazam]], [[Clonazepam]], [[Clorazepate]], [[Clotiazepam]], [[Cloxazolam]], [[Cyclobarbital]], [[Demethyldiazepam]], [[Diazepam]], [[Doxefazepam]], [[Drug overdose]], [[Estazolam]], [[Ethyl loflazepate]], [[Etizolam]], [[Etomidate]], [[Fentanyl]], [[Flurazepam]], [[Fluridrazepam]], [[Fospropofol]], [[General anaesthesia]], [[Halazepam]], [[Haloxazolam]], [[Hexobarbital]], [[Ketazolam]], [[Loprazolam]], [[Lorazepam]], [[Lormetazepam]], [[Medazepam]], [[Mephobarbital]], [[Methohexital]], [[Mexazolam]], [[Midazolam]], [[Nitrazepam]], [[Oxazepam]], [[Oxazolam]], [[Pentobarbital]], [[Pethidine]], [[Phenobarbital]], [[Pinazepam]], [[Prazepam]], [[Primidone]], [[Promethazine]], [[Propofol]], [[Quazepam]], [[Remifentanil]], [[Secobarbital]], [[Sufentanil]], [[Tapentadol]], [[Temazepam]], [[Tetrazepam]], [[Thiamylal]], [[Thiopentone]], [[Tofisopam]], [[Triazolam]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acetylcarbromal]], [[Alfentanil]], [[Alprazolam]], [[Amylobarbitone]], [[Barbitone]], [[Bromazepam]], [[Brotizolam]], [[Butabarbital]], [[Butalbital]], [[Butobarbitone]], [[Camazepam]], [[Chlordiazepoxide]], [[Cinolazepam]], [[Clobazam]], [[Clonazepam]], [[Clorazepate]], [[Clotiazepam]], [[Cloxazolam]], [[Cyclobarbital]], [[Demethyldiazepam]], [[Diazepam]], [[Doxefazepam]], [[Drug overdose]], [[Estazolam]], [[Ethyl loflazepate]], [[Etizolam]], [[Etomidate]], [[Fentanyl]], [[Flurazepam]], [[Fluridrazepam]], [[Fospropofol]], [[General anaesthesia]], [[Halazepam]], [[Haloxazolam]], [[Hexobarbital]], [[Ketazolam]], [[Loprazolam]], [[Lorazepam]], [[Lormetazepam]], [[Medazepam]], [[Mephobarbital]], [[Methohexital]], [[Mexazolam]], [[Midazolam]], [[Nitrazepam]], [[Oxazepam]], [[Oxazolam]], [[Pentobarbital]], [[Pethidine]], [[Phenobarbital]], [[Pinazepam]], [[Prazepam]], [[Primidone]], [[Promethazine]], [[Propofol]], [[Quazepam]], [[Remifentanil]], [[Secobarbital]], [[Sufentanil]], [[Tapentadol]], [[Temazepam]], [[Tetrazepam]], [[Thiamylal]], [[Thiopentone]], [[Tofisopam]], [[Triazolam]]
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Necrotizing enterocolitis]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Necrotizing enterocolitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Athabaskan brain stem dysgenesis]], [[Edstrom myopathy]], [[Jeune thoracic dystrophy syndrome]], [[Muscular dystrophy]], [[Nemaline myopathy]], [[Perry syndrome]], [[Pitt-Hopkins syndrome]], [[Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy]], [[X-linked myotubular myopathy]], [[Stuve-Wiedemann syndrome]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Athabaskan brain stem dysgenesis]], [[Edstrom myopathy]], [[Jeune thoracic dystrophy syndrome]], [[Muscular dystrophy]], [[Nemaline myopathy]], [[Perry syndrome]], [[Pitt-Hopkins syndrome]], [[Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy]], [[X-linked myotubular myopathy]], [[Stuve-Wiedemann syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Clostridium tetani]], [[Poliomyelitis]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Clostridium tetani]], [[Poliomyelitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cervical spine injury]], [[Congenital diaphragmatic hernia]], [[Congenital fiber-type disproportion myopathy]], [[Diaphragm paralysis]], [[Idiopathic spinal scoliosis]], [[Rib fracture]], [[Severe kyphoscoliosis]], [[Stuve-Wiedemann syndrome]], [[Muscular dystrophy]], [[Nemaline myopathy]], [[Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy]], [[X-linked myotubular myopathy]], [[Neuromuscular diseases]], [[Myasthenia gravis]], [[Polymyositis]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Cervical spine injury]], [[Congenital diaphragmatic hernia]], [[Congenital fiber-type disproportion myopathy]], [[Diaphragm paralysis]], [[Idiopathic spinal scoliosis]], [[Rib fracture]], [[Severe kyphoscoliosis]], [[Stuve-Wiedemann syndrome]], [[Muscular dystrophy]], [[Nemaline myopathy]], [[Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy]], [[X-linked myotubular myopathy]], [[Neuromuscular diseases]], [[Myasthenia gravis]], [[Polymyositis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]], [[Brain death]], [[Brown-Vialetto-van Laere syndrome]], [[Central sleep apnea]], [[CNS depression]], [[Congenital failure of autonomic control]], [[Guillain-Barre syndrome]], [[Motor neuron disease]], [[Neuromuscular diseases]], [[Raised intracranial pressure]], [[Subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy]], [[X-linked infantile spinal muscular atrophy]], [[Athabaskan brain stem dysgenesis]], [[Diaphragm paralysis]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]], [[Brain death]], [[Brown-Vialetto-van Laere syndrome]], [[Central sleep apnea]], [[CNS depression]], [[Congenital failure of autonomic control]], [[Guillain-Barre syndrome]], [[Motor neuron disease]], [[Neuromuscular diseases]], [[Raised intracranial pressure]], [[Subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy]], [[X-linked infantile spinal muscular atrophy]], [[Athabaskan brain stem dysgenesis]], [[Diaphragm paralysis]], [[Brain tumor]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Brain tumor]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetylcarbromal]], [[Alfentanil]], [[Alprazolam]], [[Amylobarbitone]], [[Barbitone]], [[Bromazepam]], [[Brotizolam]], [[Butabarbital]], [[Butalbital]], [[Butobarbitone]], [[Camazepam]], [[Chlordiazepoxide]], [[Cinolazepam]], [[Clobazam]], [[Clonazepam]], [[Clorazepate]], [[Clotiazepam]], [[Cloxazolam]], [[Cyclobarbital]], [[Demethyldiazepam]], [[Diazepam]], [[Doxefazepam]], [[Drug overdose]], [[Estazolam]], [[Ethyl loflazepate]], [[Etizolam]], [[Etomidate]], [[Fentanyl]], [[Flurazepam]], [[Fluridrazepam]], [[Fospropofol]], [[General anaesthesia]], [[Halazepam]], [[Haloxazolam]], [[Hexobarbital]], [[Ketazolam]], [[Loprazolam]], [[Lorazepam]], [[Lormetazepam]], [[Medazepam]], [[Mephobarbital]], [[Methohexital]], [[Mexazolam]], [[Midazolam]], [[Nitrazepam]], [[Oxazepam]], [[Oxazolam]], [[Pentobarbital]], [[Pethidine]], [[Phenobarbital]], [[Pinazepam]], [[Prazepam]], [[Primidone]], [[Promethazine]], [[Propofol]], [[Quazepam]], [[Remifentanil]], [[Secobarbital]], [[Sufentanil]], [[Tapentadol]], [[Temazepam]], [[Tetrazepam]], [[Thiamylal]], [[Thiopentone]], [[Tofisopam]], [[Triazolam]], [[Oxygen]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acetylcarbromal]], [[Alfentanil]], [[Alprazolam]], [[Amylobarbitone]], [[Barbitone]], [[Bromazepam]], [[Brotizolam]], [[Butabarbital]], [[Butalbital]], [[Butobarbitone]], [[Camazepam]], [[Chlordiazepoxide]], [[Cinolazepam]], [[Clobazam]], [[Clonazepam]], [[Clorazepate]], [[Clotiazepam]], [[Cloxazolam]], [[Cyclobarbital]], [[Demethyldiazepam]], [[Diazepam]], [[Doxefazepam]], [[Drug overdose]], [[Estazolam]], [[Ethyl loflazepate]], [[Etizolam]], [[Etomidate]], [[Fentanyl]], [[Flurazepam]], [[Fluridrazepam]], [[Fospropofol]], [[General anaesthesia]], [[Halazepam]], [[Haloxazolam]], [[Hexobarbital]], [[Ketazolam]], [[Loprazolam]], [[Lorazepam]], [[Lormetazepam]], [[Medazepam]], [[Mephobarbital]], [[Methohexital]], [[Mexazolam]], [[Midazolam]], [[Nitrazepam]], [[Oxazepam]], [[Oxazolam]], [[Pentobarbital]], [[Pethidine]], [[Phenobarbital]], [[Pinazepam]], [[Prazepam]], [[Primidone]], [[Promethazine]], [[Propofol]], [[Quazepam]], [[Remifentanil]], [[Secobarbital]], [[Sufentanil]], [[Tapentadol]], [[Temazepam]], [[Tetrazepam]], [[Thiamylal]], [[Thiopentone]], [[Tofisopam]], [[Triazolam]], [[Oxygen]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic bronchitis]], [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], [[Emphysema]], [[Foreign body in respiratory tract]], [[Hyaline membrane disease]], [[Obesity hypoventilation syndrome]], [[Obstructive sleep apnea]], [[Pickwickian syndrome]], [[Pneumothorax]], [[Pulmonary hypoplasia]], [[Respiratory depression]], [[Respiratory distress syndrome]], [[Severe asthma]], [[Shallow Breathing ]], [[Snoring]], [[Stuve-Wiedemann syndrome]], [[Tracheal stenosis]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Chronic bronchitis]], [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], [[Emphysema]], [[Foreign body in respiratory tract]], [[Hyaline membrane disease]], [[Obesity hypoventilation syndrome]], [[Obstructive sleep apnea]], [[Pickwickian syndrome]], [[Pneumothorax]], [[Pulmonary hypoplasia]], [[Respiratory depression]], [[Respiratory distress syndrome]], [[Severe asthma]], [[Shallow Breathing ]] , [[Snoring]], [[Stuve-Wiedemann syndrome]], [[Tracheal stenosis]], [[Aspiration]], [[Severe pneumonia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Myasthenia gravis]], [[Polymyositis]], [[Guillain-Barre syndrome]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Myasthenia gravis]], [[Polymyositis]], [[Guillain-Barre syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Flail chest]], [[Cervical spine injury]], [[Pneumothorax]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Flail chest]], [[Cervical spine injury]], [[Pneumothorax]], [[Head injury]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Asphyxiation]], [[Reduced level of consciousness]], [[Congenital failure of autonomic control]], [[Shallow Breathing ]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Asphyxiation]], [[Reduced level of consciousness]], [[Congenital failure of autonomic control]], [[Shallow Breathing ]]
|-
|-
|}
|}
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{MultiCol}}
*[[Acetylcarbromal]]
*[[Agrocide]]
*[[Agronexit]]
*[[Alfentanil]]
*[[Alprazolam]]
*[[Amylobarbitone]]
*[[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]]
*[[Aparasin]]
*[[Aphtiria]]
*[[Asphyxiation]]
*[[Athabaskan brain stem dysgenesis]]
*[[Barbitone]]
*[[Ben-Hex]]
*[[Benhexol]]
*[[Benzene hexachloride]]
*[[Bexol]]
*[[Brain death]]
*[[Bromazepam]]
*[[Brotizolam]]
*[[Brown-Vialetto-van Laere syndrome]]
*[[Butabarbital]]
*[[Butalbital]]
*[[Butobarbitone]]
*[[Camazepam]]
*[[Central sleep apnea]]
*[[Cervical spine injury]]
*[[Chlordiazepoxide]]
*[[Chloresene]]
*[[Chronic bronchitis]]
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]
*[[Cinolazepam]]
*[[Clobazam]]
*[[Clonazepam]]
*[[Clorazepate]]
*[[Clostridium tetani]]
*[[Clotiazepam]]
*[[Cloxazolam]]
*[[CNS depression]]
*[[Cone shell poisoning]]
*[[Congenital diaphragmatic hernia]]
*[[Congenital failure of autonomic control]]
*[[Congenital fiber-type disproportion myopathy]]
*[[Cyclobarbital]]
*[[Demethyldiazepam]]
*[[Diaphragm paralysis]]
*[[Diazepam]]
*[[Doxefazepam]]
*[[Drug overdose]]
*[[Edstrom myopathy]]
*[[Emphysema]]
*[[Estazolam]]
*[[Ethyl loflazepate]]
*[[Etizolam]]
*[[Etomidate]]
*[[Fentanyl]]
*[[Flail chest]]
*[[Flurazepam]]
*[[Fluridrazepam]]
*[[Foreign body in respiratory tract]]
*[[Fospropofol]]
*[[General anaesthesia]]
*[[Guillain-Barre syndrome]]
*[[Halazepam]]
*[[Haloxazolam]]
*[[HCH-gamma]]
*[[Hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma)]]
*[[Hexobarbital]]
*[[Hyaline membrane disease]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Idiopathic spinal scoliosis]]
*[[Jeune thoracic dystrophy syndrome]]
*[[Ketazolam]]
*[[Lindane]]
*[[Loprazolam]]
*[[Lorazepam]]
*[[Lormetazepam]]
*[[Medazepam]]
*[[Mephobarbital]]
*[[Methohexital]]
*[[Mexazolam]]
*[[Midazolam]]
*[[Motor neuron disease]]
*[[Muscular dystrophy]]
*[[Myasthenia gravis]]
*[[Necrotizing enterocolitis]]
*[[Nemaline myopathy]]
*[[Neuromuscular diseases]]
*[[Nitrazepam]]
*[[Obesity hypoventilation syndrome]]
*[[Obstructive sleep apnea]]
*[[Oxazepam]]
*[[Oxazolam]]
*[[Oxygen]]
*[[Pentobarbital]]
*[[Perry syndrome]]
*[[Pethidine]]
*[[Phenobarbital]]
*[[Pickwickian syndrome]]
*[[Pinazepam]]
*[[Pitt-Hopkins syndrome]]
*[[Pneumothorax]]
*[[Poison hemlock]]
*[[Poliomyelitis]]
*[[Polymyositis]]
*[[Prazepam]]
*[[Primidone]]
*[[Promethazine]]
*[[Propofol]]
*[[Pulmonary hypoplasia]]
*[[Quazepam]]
*[[Raised intracranial pressure]]
*[[Reduced level of consciousness]]
*[[Remifentanil]]
*[[Respiratory depression]]
*[[Respiratory distress syndrome]]
*[[Rib fracture]]
*[[Secobarbital]]
*[[Severe asthma]]
*[[Severe kyphoscoliosis]]
*[[Shallow Breathing ]]
*[[Snoring]]
*[[Stuve-Wiedemann syndrome]]
*[[Subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy]]
*[[Sufentanil]]
*[[Tapentadol]]
*[[Temazepam]]
*[[Tetrazepam]]
*[[Tetrodotoxin]]
*[[Thiamylal]]
*[[Thiopentone]]
*[[Tick paralysis]]
*[[Tofisopam]]
*[[Tracheal stenosis]]
*[[Triazolam]]
*[[Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy]]
*[[X-linked infantile spinal muscular atrophy]]
*[[X-linked myotubular myopathy]]
{{EndMultiCol}}


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 18:33, 2 March 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Common causes of respiratory acidosis include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Neuromuscular diseases, Chest wall disorders, obesity-hypoventilation syndrome, Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the Central nervous system (CNS) depression, lung and airway diseases etc.

Causes

Common Causes

Respiratory acidosis may be caused by:

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of disease name include:

Causes by Organ System

Chemical / poisoning Agrocide, Agronexit, Aparasin, Aphtiria, Ben-Hex, Benhexol, Benzene hexachloride, Bexol, Chloresene, Cone shell poisoning, HCH-gamma, Hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma), Lindane, Poison hemlock, Tetrodotoxin, Tick paralysis
Drug Side Effect Acetylcarbromal, Alfentanil, Alprazolam, Amylobarbitone, Barbitone, Bromazepam, Brotizolam, Butabarbital, Butalbital, Butobarbitone, Camazepam, Chlordiazepoxide, Cinolazepam, Clobazam, Clonazepam, Clorazepate, Clotiazepam, Cloxazolam, Cyclobarbital, Demethyldiazepam, Diazepam, Doxefazepam, Drug overdose, Estazolam, Ethyl loflazepate, Etizolam, Etomidate, Fentanyl, Flurazepam, Fluridrazepam, Fospropofol, General anaesthesia, Halazepam, Haloxazolam, Hexobarbital, Ketazolam, Loprazolam, Lorazepam, Lormetazepam, Medazepam, Mephobarbital, Methohexital, Mexazolam, Midazolam, Nitrazepam, Oxazepam, Oxazolam, Pentobarbital, Pethidine, Phenobarbital, Pinazepam, Prazepam, Primidone, Promethazine, Propofol, Quazepam, Remifentanil, Secobarbital, Sufentanil, Tapentadol, Temazepam, Tetrazepam, Thiamylal, Thiopentone, Tofisopam, Triazolam
Gastroenterologic Necrotizing enterocolitis
Genetic Athabaskan brain stem dysgenesis, Edstrom myopathy, Jeune thoracic dystrophy syndrome, Muscular dystrophy, Nemaline myopathy, Perry syndrome, Pitt-Hopkins syndrome, Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy, X-linked myotubular myopathy, Stuve-Wiedemann syndrome
Infectious Disease Clostridium tetani, Poliomyelitis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Cervical spine injury, Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Congenital fiber-type disproportion myopathy, Diaphragm paralysis, Idiopathic spinal scoliosis, Rib fracture, Severe kyphoscoliosis, Stuve-Wiedemann syndrome, Muscular dystrophy, Nemaline myopathy, Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy, X-linked myotubular myopathy, Neuromuscular diseases, Myasthenia gravis, Polymyositis
Neurologic Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Brain death, Brown-Vialetto-van Laere syndrome, Central sleep apnea, CNS depression, Congenital failure of autonomic control, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Motor neuron disease, Neuromuscular diseases, Raised intracranial pressure, Subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy, X-linked infantile spinal muscular atrophy, Athabaskan brain stem dysgenesis, Diaphragm paralysis, Brain tumor
Nutritional / Metabolic Subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy
Oncologic Brain tumor
Overdose / Toxicity Acetylcarbromal, Alfentanil, Alprazolam, Amylobarbitone, Barbitone, Bromazepam, Brotizolam, Butabarbital, Butalbital, Butobarbitone, Camazepam, Chlordiazepoxide, Cinolazepam, Clobazam, Clonazepam, Clorazepate, Clotiazepam, Cloxazolam, Cyclobarbital, Demethyldiazepam, Diazepam, Doxefazepam, Drug overdose, Estazolam, Ethyl loflazepate, Etizolam, Etomidate, Fentanyl, Flurazepam, Fluridrazepam, Fospropofol, General anaesthesia, Halazepam, Haloxazolam, Hexobarbital, Ketazolam, Loprazolam, Lorazepam, Lormetazepam, Medazepam, Mephobarbital, Methohexital, Mexazolam, Midazolam, Nitrazepam, Oxazepam, Oxazolam, Pentobarbital, Pethidine, Phenobarbital, Pinazepam, Prazepam, Primidone, Promethazine, Propofol, Quazepam, Remifentanil, Secobarbital, Sufentanil, Tapentadol, Temazepam, Tetrazepam, Thiamylal, Thiopentone, Tofisopam, Triazolam, Oxygen
Pulmonary Chronic bronchitis, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Emphysema, Foreign body in respiratory tract, Hyaline membrane disease, Obesity hypoventilation syndrome, Obstructive sleep apnea, Pickwickian syndrome, Pneumothorax, Pulmonary hypoplasia, Respiratory depression, Respiratory distress syndrome, Severe asthma, Shallow Breathing , Snoring, Stuve-Wiedemann syndrome, Tracheal stenosis, Aspiration, Severe pneumonia
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Myasthenia gravis, Polymyositis, Guillain-Barre syndrome
Trauma Flail chest, Cervical spine injury, Pneumothorax, Head injury
Miscellaneous Asphyxiation, Reduced level of consciousness, Congenital failure of autonomic control, Shallow Breathing

References

  1. ↑ Epstein SK, Singh N (2001). "Respiratory acidosis". Respir Care. 46 (4): 366–83. PMID 11262556.
  2. ↑ Fanfulla F, Cascone L, Taurino AE (2004). "Sleep disordered breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". Minerva Med. 95 (4): 307–21. PMID 15334044.
  3. ↑ Checkoway H, Dement JM, Fowler DP, Harris RL, Lamm SH, Smith TJ (1987). "Industrial hygiene involvement in occupational epidemiology". Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 48 (6): 515–23. doi:10.1080/15298668791385147. PMID 3303884.
  4. ↑ Bruno CM, Valenti M (2012). "Acid-base disorders in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pathophysiological review". J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 2012: 915150. doi:10.1155/2012/915150. PMC 3303884. PMID 22500110.
  5. ↑ Brown LK (2010). "Hypoventilation syndromes". Clin. Chest Med. 31 (2): 249–70. doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2010.03.002. PMID 20488285.
  6. ↑ Berger KI, Goldring RM, Rapoport DM (2009). "Obesity hypoventilation syndrome". Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 30 (3): 253–61. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1222439. PMID 19452386.
  7. ↑ Chebbo A, Tfaili A, Jones SF (2011). "Hypoventilation syndromes". Med. Clin. North Am. 95 (6): 1189–202. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2011.09.002. PMID 22032434.

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