Q fever history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Overview

Acute Q fever presents with flu like symptoms, pneumonia and hepatitis. Chronic Q fever almost always presents with endocarditis and sometimes gives musculoskeletal and vascular manifestations.

History and symptoms

  • Q fever can present with a wide variety of symptoms related to multiple organs involved. Q fever can be classified into acute and chronic based on the onset of symptoms.[1][2]
  • Incubation period is usually 2 to 3 weeks.

Acute Q fever:

Flu like symptoms:

The most common manifestation is flu-like symptoms with abrupt onset of:

Pneumonia:

Usually mild and accidentally discovered on X rays

Hepatitis:

Rare acute Q fever symptoms:

Pericarditis and myocarditis:

Neurologic findings:

Dermatologic findings:

Q fever during pregnancy:

Most C. brutenii infection during pregnancy pass asymptomatic but in rare cases it can be complicated with:

Infection during first trimester and placental infection are associated with increased risk of fetal compromise.

Chronic Q fever:

Chronic Q fever, characterized by infection that persists for more than 6 months is uncommon but is a much more serious disease. Patients who have had acute Q fever may develop the chronic form as soon as 1 year or as long as 20 years after initial infection.[2]

Endocarditis:

Endocarditis is the main manifestation of Q fever.

Skeletal manifestations:

Vascular lesions:

  • Usually in previously affected vessel (e.g. aneurysm)

Cardiopulmonary affection:

Hepatic manifestations:

Chronic fatigue syndrome:

  • Presents in up to 10% of chronic Q fever patients.

References

  1. Ishikawa H, Maeda H, Takamatsu H, Saito Y (1979). "Systemic hyalinosis (juvenile hyaline fibromatosis). Ultrastructure of the hyaline with particular reference to the cross-banded structure". Arch. Dermatol. Res. 265 (2): 195–206. PMID 88923.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Choyce DP (1992). "Anterior chamber lens exchange". J Cataract Refract Surg. 18 (5): 537. PMID 1489455.
  3. Hartzell JD, Wood-Morris RN, Martinez LJ, Trotta RF (2008). "Q fever: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment". Mayo Clin. Proc. 83 (5): 574–9. doi:10.4065/83.5.574. PMID 18452690.
  4. Sobradillo V, Ansola P, Baranda F, Corral C (1989). "Q fever pneumonia: a review of 164 community-acquired cases in the Basque country". Eur. Respir. J. 2 (3): 263–6. PMID 2731605.
  5. Derrick EH (1983). ""Q" fever, a new fever entity: clinical features, diagnosis and laboratory investigation". Rev. Infect. Dis. 5 (4): 790–800. PMID 6622891.
  6. Stein A, Raoult D (1998). "Q fever during pregnancy: a public health problem in southern France". Clin. Infect. Dis. 27 (3): 592–6. PMID 9770161.


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