Pyelonephritis classification

Revision as of 15:40, 8 September 2015 by Maliha Shakil (talk | contribs)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Urinary Tract Infections Main Page

Pyelonephritis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Pyelonephritis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocaridogram

X Ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Interventions

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Pyelonephritis classification On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pyelonephritis classification

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Pyelonephritis classification

CDC on Pyelonephritis classification

Pyelonephritis classification in the news

Blogs on Pyelonephritis classification

Directions to Hospitals Treating Pyelonephritis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Pyelonephritis classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Pyelonephritis may be classified according to the duration of disease and etiology into 4 subtypes: acute, chronic, emphysematous, and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.

Classification

There are four different types of pyelonephritis:

  • Acute Pyelonephritis
  • Acute pyelonephritis is a common clinical diagnosis in patients who present with fever, chills, and flank tenderness.
  • Infections typically result from ascending retrograde spread through the collecting ducts into the renal parenchyma.
  • Patients are referred for CT evaluation of acute pyelonephritis when symptoms are poorly localized or complications are suspected.
  • Chronic Pyelonephritis
  • Chronic pyelonephritis is a somewhat controversial disease from a pathogenetic standpoint. It is unclear that, whether it is an active chronic infection, arises from multiple recurrent infections, or represents stable changes from a remote single infection.
  • Hypertension is frequently a long-term sequela.
  • Emphysematous pyelonephritis represents a severe life-threatening infection (overall mortality rate of approximately 50%) of the renal parenchyma with gas-forming bacteria.
  • Underlying poorly controlled diabetes mellitus is present in up to 90% of patients who develop emphysematous pyelonephritis.
  • Patients present clinically with varying degrees of renal failure, lethargy, acid-base irregularities, and hyperglycemia.
  • E coli is the causative bacterial source in approximately 70% of cases
  • Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis
  • Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare inflammatory condition usually secondary to chronic obstruction caused by nephrolithiasis and resulting in infection and irreversible destruction of the renal parenchyma.
  • XGP is associated with a staghorn calculus in approximately 70% of cases.
  • Patients with diabetes are particularly predisposed to the formation of XGP.
  • Treatment is nephrectomy.
  • At histologic analysis, the inflammatory mass is composed of lipid-laden macrophages and chronic inflammatory cells.

References

Template:WH Template:WS