Pulmonary hypertension Historical Perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Historical Perspective
- The Historical Perspective of the PH is as follows:[1]
- In 1891 a German physician Ernst von Romberg, described pulmonary vascular sclerosis in an autopsy.
- In 1901 Abel Ayerza Key lecture integrating cyanosis and right heart failure, named the condition as “cardiac negro” (black cardiac)
- In 1913 F. C. Arrillaga Syphilitic arteriosclerosis assigned as etiology of PH; changed the name of disease to “Ayerza’s Disease”
- In 1929 Werner Forssman demonstrated that it was possible to perform right sided catheterization in humans by performing catheterization on himself
- In 1951 David Dresdale coined the term “primary pulmonary hypertension”, PPH for the first time.
- In 1956 Forssman, Cournand, Richards awarded Nobel Prize for their contributions to the discovery of circulatory and cardiopulmonary systems
- In 1958 Paul Wood published Pulmonary Hypertension with Special Reference to the Vasoconstrictive Factor
- In 1965–1970s First PPH Epidemic Related to approval of Aminorex, .
- In 1973 1st WHO Meeting in PH the landmark meeting about PPH; provided recommendations for future directions
- In 1981 PPH Registry landmark multi-center U.S. study characterizing natural history and clinical features of PPH
- In 1996–1970s Second PPH Epidemic the association between anorexigens and PH was first identified in the 1960s when an epidemic of PAH occurred in Europe that was linked to the anorexigens such as fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine .
- In 1998 2nd World Symposium on PH formation of Evian Classification of PH; introduction of term “pulmonary arterial hypertension”, PAH
- In 2003 3rd World Symposium on PH venice Classification; idiopathic PAH introduced to replace term PPH
- In 2008 4th World Symposium on PH Dana Point Classification; modification of genetic category, among others in Group 1
- In 2013 5th World Symposium on PH Nice Classification; further modifications of genetic category, among others in Group 1
- In 2014 International Right Heart Failure Foundation Working Group development of a comprehensive nomenclature of right heart failure: defining distinction between right heart failure and right ventricular failure, components of right heart system, and definition of right heart failure