|
|
| (183 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{SI}}
| | |
| {{CMG}} | | '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]''' |
| ==Overview==
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Historical Perspective==
| | {{Psoriatic arthritis}} |
| *[Disease name] was first discovered by [scientist name], a [nationality + occupation], in [year] during/following [event].
| | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CK}} |
| *In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis of [disease name].
| |
| *In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| ==Classification==
| |
| *[Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups:
| |
| :*[group1]
| |
| :*[group2]
| |
| :*[group3]
| |
| *Other variants of [disease name] include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3].
| |
|
| |
| ==Pathophysiology==
| |
| *The pathogenesis of [disease name] is characterized by [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3].
| |
| *The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of [disease name], involving the [molecular pathway] pathway.
| |
| *On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
| |
| *On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| ==Clinical Features==
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Differentiating [disease name] from other Diseases== | | ==[[Psoriatic arthritis overview|Overview]]== |
| *[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as:
| |
| :*[Differential dx1]
| |
| :*[Differential dx2]
| |
| :*[Differential dx3]
| |
|
| |
| ==Epidemiology and Demographics==
| |
| * The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
| |
| * In [year], the incidence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].
| |
|
| |
| ===Age===
| |
| *Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| *[Disease name] is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old.
| |
| *[Disease name] is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children].
| |
|
| |
| ===Gender===
| |
| *[Disease name] affects men and women equally.
| |
|
| |
| *[Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than [gender 2].
| |
| * The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
| |
|
| |
| ===Race===
| |
| *There is no racial predilection for [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| *[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
| |
| *[Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| ==Risk Factors==
| |
| *Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
| |
|
| |
| == Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
| |
| *The majority of patients with [disease name] remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
| |
| *Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
| |
| *If left untreated, [#%] of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
| |
| *Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
| |
| *Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year mortality/survival rate] of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#%].
| |
|
| |
| == Diagnosis ==
| |
| ===Diagnostic Criteria===
| |
| *The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:
| |
| :*[criterion 1]
| |
| :*[criterion 2]
| |
| :*[criterion 3]
| |
| :*[criterion 4]
| |
|
| |
| === Symptoms ===
| |
| *[Disease name] is usually asymptomatic.
| |
| *Symptoms of [disease name] may include the following:
| |
| :*[symptom 1]
| |
| :*[symptom 2]
| |
| :*[symptom 3]
| |
| :*[symptom 4]
| |
| :*[symptom 5]
| |
| :*[symptom 6]
| |
|
| |
| === Physical Examination ===
| |
| *Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance].
| |
| *Physical examination may be remarkable for:
| |
| :*[finding 1]
| |
| :*[finding 2]
| |
| :*[finding 3]
| |
| :*[finding 4]
| |
| :*[finding 5]
| |
| :*[finding 6]
| |
|
| |
| === Laboratory Findings ===
| |
| *There are no specific laboratory findings associated with psoriatic arthritis and most the tests are non-specific.
| |
| *However, there are certain laboratory tests that can check for markers of inflammation and to exclude other diseases. These include:<ref name="pmid17828345">{{cite journal |vauthors=Punzi L, Podswiadek M, Oliviero F, Lonigro A, Modesti V, Ramonda R, Todesco S |title=Laboratory findings in psoriatic arthritis |journal=Reumatismo |volume=59 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=52–5 |date=2007 |pmid=17828345 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| |
| ** Complete blood count with differential count
| |
| *** Leukocytosis
| |
| *** Anaemia
| |
| ** Elevated ESR
| |
| ** Elevated CRP (C reactive protein)
| |
| ** Autoantibodies: The following auto antibodies may be found in patients with Psoriatic arthritis.<ref name="pmid15834057">{{cite journal |vauthors=Johnson SR, Schentag CT, Gladman DD |title=Autoantibodies in biological agent naive patients with psoriatic arthritis |journal=Ann. Rheum. Dis. |volume=64 |issue=5 |pages=770–2 |date=May 2005 |pmid=15834057 |pmc=1755477 |doi=10.1136/ard.2004.031286 |url=}}</ref>
| |
| *** Rheumatoid factor
| |
| *** ANA (Anti nuclear antibodies)
| |
| *** Anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA)
| |
| ** Genetic markers:<ref name="pmid23916976">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chandran V, Bull SB, Pellett FJ, Ayearst R, Rahman P, Gladman DD |title=Human leukocyte antigen alleles and susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis |journal=Hum. Immunol. |volume=74 |issue=10 |pages=1333–8 |date=October 2013 |pmid=23916976 |doi=10.1016/j.humimm.2013.07.014 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21900282">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eder L, Chandran V, Pellet F, Shanmugarajah S, Rosen CF, Bull SB, Gladman DD |title=Human leucocyte antigen risk alleles for psoriatic arthritis among patients with psoriasis |journal=Ann. Rheum. Dis. |volume=71 |issue=1 |pages=50–5 |date=January 2012 |pmid=21900282 |doi=10.1136/ard.2011.155044 |url=}}</ref>
| |
| *** HLA-B 27
| |
| *** HLA-C*06
| |
| ** Synovial fluid analysis: Elevated WBC count suggestive of inflammation.
| |
|
| |
|
| ===Imaging Findings=== | | ==[[Psoriatic arthritis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
| *There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| *[Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for [disease name].
| |
| *On [imaging study 1], [disease name] is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
| |
| *[Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
| |
|
| |
| === Other Diagnostic Studies ===
| |
| *[Disease name] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
| |
| *Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
| |
|
| |
| == Treatment ==
| |
| === Medical Therapy ===
| |
| *There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
| |
|
| |
| *The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
| |
| *[Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action 1].
| |
| *Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].
| |
|
| |
| === Surgery === | |
| *Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [disease name].
| |
| *[Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of [disease name].
| |
| *[Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| === Prevention ===
| |
| *There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| *Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
| |
|
| |
|
| *Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name] are followed-up every [duration]. Follow-up testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].
| | ==[[Psoriatic arthritis classification|Classification]]== |
| ==References==
| |
| {{Reflist|2}}
| |
|
| |
| [[Category:Pick One of 28 Approved]]
| |
|
| |
|
| | ==[[Psoriatic arthritis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
| | |
| | ==[[Psoriatic arthritis causes|Causes]]== |
| | |
| | ==[[Psoriatic arthritis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Psoriatic arthritis from Other Diseases]]== |
| | |
| | ==[[Psoriatic arthritis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
| | |
| | ==[[Psoriatic arthritis risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
| | |
| | ==[[Psoriatic arthritis screening|Screening]]== |
| | |
| | ==[[Psoriatic arthritis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
| | |
| | ==Diagnosis== |
| | [[Psoriatic arthritis diagnostic study of choice |Diagnostic study of choice]] | [[Psoriatic arthritis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Psoriatic arthritis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Psoriatic arthritis laboratory tests|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Psoriatic arthritis electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Rheumatoid arthritis x ray|X ray]] | [[Rheumatoid arthritis echocardiography and ultrasound|Echocardiography and Ultrasound]] | [[Psoriatic arthritis CT|CT]] | [[Psoriatic arthritis MRI|MRI Findings]] | [[Psoriatic arthritis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Psoriatic arthritis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
| | |
| | ==Treatment== |
| | [[Psoriatic arthritis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Psoriatic arthritis surgical therapy|Surgical Therapy]] | [[Psoriatic arthritis Primary prevention|Primary prevention]] | [[Psoriatic arthritis secondary prevention|Secondary prevention]] | [[Psoriatic arthritis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
| | |
| | ==Case Studies== |
| | :[[Psoriatic arthritis case study 1|Case #1]] |
| | |
| | ==Related Chapters== |
| | |
| | |
| | {{Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue}} |
| | {{WH}} |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |
| {{WH}}
| | e)|adverse effects]] and associated [[Comorbidity|comorbid conditions]]. |
| | |
| | [[Category:Arthritis]] |
| | [[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] |
| | [[Category:Rheumatology]] |