Psittacosis: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 23:51, 29 July 2020

Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox

This page is about clinical aspects of the disease. For microbiologic aspects of the causative organism(s), see Chlamydophila psittaci.

For the Patient information page for this topic, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2], Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [3]

Synonyms and keywords: Parrot fever; Parrot disease; Ornithosis; Bird fever.

Overview

Patient information

Classification

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Psittacosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Template:Bacterial diseases

Template:WikiDoc Sources

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+__NOTOC__
 {{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
    Image       = Chlamydophila psittaci FA stain.jpg |
@@ Line 5: / Line 6: @@
    ICD10       = {{ICD10|A|70||a|70}} |
    ICD9        = {{ICD9|073}} |
-}} {{Psittacosis}}
+  DiseasesDB  = 2375  |
-'''For the WikiPatient page for this topic, click [[Psittacosis (patient information)|here]]'''
+}}
+{{Psittacosis}}
+{{About1|Chlamydophila psittaci}}
-{{CMG}}
+'''For the Patient information page for this topic, click [[Psittacosis (patient information)|here]]'''
-==Overview==
-In [[medicine]] ([[pulmonology]]), '''psittacosis''' -- also known as '''parrot disease''', '''parrot fever''', and '''ornithosis''' -- is a [[zoonosis|zoonotic]] [[infectious diseases|infectious disease]] caused by a [[bacterium]] called ''[[Chlamydophila psittaci]]'' (formerly ''[[Chlamydia psittaci]]'') and contracted not only from parrots, such as macaws, cockatiels and budgerigars, but also from pigeons, sparrows, ducks, hens, sea gulls and many other species of bird. The incidence of infection in canaries and finches is believed to be lower than in psittacine birds.
-==Symptoms==
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{ADI}}, {{DAMI}}
-In humans, after incubation period of 5-14 days, the symptoms of the disease range from inapparent illness to systemic illness with severe [[pneumonia]].  It presents chiefly as an atypical pneumonia. In the first week of psittacosis the symtoms mimic [[typhoid fever]]: prostrating high [[fever]]s, [[arthralgia]]s, [[diarrhea]], [[conjunctivitis]], [[epistaxis]] and [[leukopenia]]. Rose spots can appear and these are called Horder's spots. [[Splenomegaly]] is frequent toward the end of first week. Diagnosis can be suspected in case of respiratory infection associated with splenomegaly and/or epistaxis. [[Headache]] can be so severe that suggests [[meningitis]] and some nuchal rigidity is not unusual. Towards the end of first week stupor or even [[coma]] can result in severe cases.
+{{SK}} Parrot fever; Parrot disease; Ornithosis; Bird fever.
+==[[Psittacosis overview|Overview]]==
-The second week is more akin of acute bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia with continuous high fevers, cough and dyspnoea. [[X rays]] show patchy infiltrates or a diffuse whiteout of lung fields.
+==[[Psittacosis patient information|Patient information]]==
-Bloodwork shows leukopenia, [[thrombocytopenia]] and moderately elevated [[liver]] enzymes.
+==[[Psittacosis classification|Classification]]==
-Differential diagnosis must be made with typhus, typhoid and atypical pneumonia by [[Mycoplasma]], [[Legionella]] or [[Q fever]]. Exposure history is paramout to diagnosis.
+==[[Psittacosis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
-Complications in the form of [[endocarditis]], [[hepatitis]],  [[myocarditis]], [[arthritis]], [[keratoconjunctivitis]], and neurologic complications ([[encephalitis]]) may occasionally occur. Severe pneumonia requiring intensive-care support may also occur. Fatal cases have been reported (less than 1% of cases).
+==[[Psittacosis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
-===Diagnosis===
+==[[Psittacosis causes|Causes]]==
-Diagnosis involves [[microbiological culture]]s from respiratory secretions of patients or [[serology|serologically]] with a fourfold or greater increase in [[antibody]] titers against ''C. psittaci'' in blood samples combined with the probable course of the disease. Typical inclusions called Leventhal -Colle-Lillie bodies can be seen within macrophages in BAL fluid. Culture of Chlamydia psittaci is hazardous and should only be carried out in biosafety laboratories.
-===Epidemiology===
+==[[Psittacosis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Psittacosis from other Diseases]]==
-Since 1996, fewer than 50 confirmed cases were reported in the United States each year. Many more cases may occur that are not correctly diagnosed or reported.
-Bird owners, pet shop employees, and veterinarians are at risk of the infection. Some outbreaks of psittacosis in poultry processing plants have been reported.
+==[[Psittacosis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
-===Treatment===
+==[[Psittacosis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
-The infection is treated with [[antibiotic]]s. [[Tetracycline]]s and chloramphenicol are the drugs of choice for treating patients with psittacosis. Most persons respond to oral therapy (100 mg of [[doxycycline]] administered twice a day , 500 mg of [[tetracycline]] hydrochloride administered four times a day) or 500 mg of [[chloramphenicol]] palmitate orally every 6 hours. For initial treatment of severely ill patients, doxycycline hyclate may be administered [[intravenous]]ly at a dosage of 4.4 mg/kg (2 mg/lb) body weight per day divided into two infusions per day (up to 100 mg per dose). In past years, tetracycline hydrochloride has been administered to patients intravenously (10-15 mg/kg body weight per day divided into four doses per day). Remission of symptoms usually is evident within 48-72 hours. However, relapse can occur, and treatment must continue for at least 10-14 days after fever abates. Although its [[in vivo]] efficacy has not been determined, [[erythromycin]] probably is the best alternative agent for persons for whom tetracycline is contraindicated (''e.g.'', children aged less than 9 years and [[pregnant]] women).
-==Source==
+==[[Psittacosis natural history|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
-* ''The initial content for this article was adapted from sources available at http://www.cdc.gov.''
-==External links==
+==[[Psittacosis diagnosis|Diagnosis]]==
-===Avian===
+[[Psittacosis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Psittacosis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Psittacosis laboratory tests|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Psittacosis chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Psittacosis CT|CT]] | [[Psittacosis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
-* http://www.birdsnways.com/articles/psittico.htm
-* http://www.birdsnways.com/wisdom/ww23eiii.htm
-* http://www.epah.net/birds/psittacosis-b.html
-===Human===
+==Treatment==
-* {{eMedicine|med|1951}}
+[[Psittacosis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Psittacosis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Psittacosis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Psittacosis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] |  [[Psittacosis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
-* {{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|000088}}
-* {{DiseasesDB|2375}}
+==Case Studies==
+[[Psittacosis case study one|Case #1]]
 {{Bacterial diseases}}
-{{SIB}}
-[[da:Psittacosis]]
+{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
-[[de:Ornithose]]
+{{WikiDoc Sources}}
-[[fr:ornithose]]
-[[hr:Psitakoza]]
-[[it:Psittacosi]]
-[[ja:オウム病]]
-[[no:Papegøyesyke]]
-[[pt:Ornitose]]
-[[ru:Орнитоз]]
-[[simple:Psittacosis]]
-[[fi:Papukaijakuume]]
-[[sv:Papegojsjuka]]
-[[pl:Ornitoza]]
 [[Category:Pulmonology]]
 [[Category:Zoonoses]]
 [[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
+[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
+[[Category:Disease]]
+[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
 [[Category:Infectious disease]]
-{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
-{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Psittacosis: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:51, 29 July 2020

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