Protein energy malnutrition risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of protein energy malnutrition may be classified as maternal and environmental.

Risk factors

Common risk factors in the development of protein energy malnutrition may be classified as maternal and environmental.[1]

Mother-related factors:

  • Formal education of mother: Children of mothers with little or no formal education have an increased risk of developing protein energy malnutrition when compared with the children of the mothers who have a secondary education or higher.
  • Number of children under 5 years: Mothers who have three or more children under 5 years have an increased risk of having a child with protein energy malnutrition when compared to mothers who only have one.
  • Young maternal age
  • Occupation of the mother
  • Marital status of the mother

Environmental and child factors:

  • Area of residence: Rural vs urban dwelling.
  • Very low economic status of the family
  • Unprotected source of water
  • Use of firewood as only source of fuel
  • Use of charcoal as main source of fuel
  • use of paraffin as main source of fuel
  • Poor hygiene/cleanliness
  • Poor health status of the child

References

  1. Uwaegbute, Ada C. (1991). "Weaning practices and weaning foods of the Hausas, Yorubas and Ibos of Nigeria". Ecology of Food and Nutrition. 26 (2): 139–153. doi:10.1080/03670244.1991.9991197. ISSN 0367-0244.