Protein energy malnutrition pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]
Overview
Severa acute malnutrition affects many organs of the body. Several theories have been put forward to explain the various form in which the organs are affected. Some of the major organ systems affected include cardiovascular system,[1] liver,[2] genitourinary system,[3] gastrointestinal tract, immune system,[4] endocrine system, metabolism and circulation,[5] cellular function skin and glands.
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
Genetics
Associated conditions
Gross pathology
Microscopic pathology
References
- ↑ Silverman JA, Chimalizeni Y, Hawes SE, Wolf ER, Batra M, Khofi H; et al. (2016). "The effects of malnutrition on cardiac function in African children". Arch Dis Child. 101 (2): 166–71. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2015-309188. PMID 26553908.
- ↑ Doherty JF, Adam EJ, Griffin GE, Golden MH (1992). "Ultrasonographic assessment of the extent of hepatic steatosis in severe malnutrition". Arch Dis Child. 67 (11): 1348–52. PMC 1793750. PMID 1471885.
- ↑ Bagga A, Tripathi P, Jatana V, Hari P, Kapil A, Srivastava RN; et al. (2003). "Bacteriuria and urinary tract infections in malnourished children". Pediatr Nephrol. 18 (4): 366–70. doi:10.1007/s00467-003-1118-0. PMID 12700964.
- ↑ Sauerwein RW, Mulder JA, Mulder L, Lowe B, Peshu N, Demacker PN; et al. (1997). "Inflammatory mediators in children with protein-energy malnutrition". Am J Clin Nutr. 65 (5): 1534–9. PMID 9129488.
- ↑ Spoelstra MN, Mari A, Mendel M, Senga E, van Rheenen P, van Dijk TH; et al. (2012). "Kwashiorkor and marasmus are both associated with impaired glucose clearance related to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction". Metabolism. 61 (9): 1224–30. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2012.01.019. PMID 22386944.