Pneumonia prevention

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Overview

There are several ways to prevent infectious pneumonia. Appropriately treating underlying illnesses (such as AIDS), smoking cessation, vaccination against pneumococcal, and influenza.

General considerations

IDSA/ATS guidelines: Recommended vaccine prevention for community-acquired pneumonia in adults [5] (DONOT EDIT)

Pneumococcal vaccine

  • Route of administration - Intramuscular injection
  • Type of vaccine - Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
  • Recommended groups - All persons > 65 years of age, high-risk persons 2–64 years of age, current smokers
  • Specific high-risk indications for vaccination - Chronic cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, or liver disease, diabetes mellitus, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, alcoholism, asplenia, immunocompromising conditions/medications, native Americans and Alaska natives, long-term care facility residents Residence
  • Revaccination schedule - One-time revaccination after 5 years for (1) adults > 65 years of age, if the first dose is received before age 65 years; (2) persons with asplenia; and (3) immunocompromised persons.

Inactivated influenza vaccine

  • Route of administration - Intramuscular injection
  • Type of vaccine - killed virus
  • Recommended groups - All persons > 50 years of age, High-risk persons 6 months–49 years of age, household contacts of high-risk

persons, health care providers, children 6–23 months of age

  • Specific high-risk indications for vaccination -Chronic cardiovascular or pulmonary disease (including asthma), Chronic metabolic disease (including diabetes mellitus), Renal dysfunction, Hemoglobinopathies, Immunocompromising conditions/medications, Compromised respiratory function or increased aspiration risk, pregnancy, aspirin therapy in persons < 18 years of age
  • Revaccination schedule - Annual revaccination

Live attenuated influenza vaccine

  • Route of administration - Intranasal spray
  • Type of vaccine - Live virus
  • Recommended groups - Healthy persons 5–49 years of age,a including health care providers and household contacts of high-risk persons
  • Specific high-risk indications for vaccination - Avoid in high-risk persons

References

  1. Butler JC, Breiman RF, Campbell JF, Lipman HB, Broome CV, Facklam RR. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine efficacy: an evaluation of current recommendations. JAMA 1993;270:1826–1831. PMID 8411526
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 1999;48(RR-4):1–28. PMID 10366138.
  3. Jefferson T, Deeks JJ, Demicheli V, Rivetti D, Rudin M. Amantadine and rimantadine for preventing and treating influenza A in adults.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(3):CD001169. PMID 15266442
  4. Hayden FG, Atmar RL, Schilling M, Johnson C, Poretz D, Paar D, Huson L, Ward P, Mills RG. Use of the selective oral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir to prevent influenza. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1336–1343PMID 10536125
  5. Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, Dowell SF, File TM, Musher DM, Niederman MS, Torres A, Whitney CG (2007). "Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults". Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 44 Suppl 2: S27–72. doi:10.1086/511159. PMID 17278083. Retrieved 2012-09-06. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)