Pneumomediastinum history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trusha Tank, M.D.[2] Jacquelyne DiTroia

Overview

Most common symptoms seen in pneumomediastinum are sudden onset of pain in the chest and subcutaneous emphysema. In most cases, pain follows the signs of causative or underlying pathology such as exacerbation of asthma. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in most cases presents without any symptoms. Besides chest pain, other frequent symptoms are cough, dyspnea or pain in the neck. Most specific finding on physical exam is Hamman's sign, which is a mediastinal crunch or click present on auscultation over the cardiac apex and the left sternal border synchronous with the heartbeat.

History and Symptoms

The clinical presentation of pneumomediastinum depends on the causative or precipitating factor[1][2][3][4][5]. Common symptoms of pneumomediastinum include:

References

  1. name="pmid18721592">Caceres M, Ali SZ, Braud R, Weiman D, Garrett HE (September 2008). "Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a comparative study and review of the literature". Ann. Thorac. Surg. 86 (3): 962–6. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.04.067. PMID 18721592.
  2. Nakagawa, Hideki, Yamauchi, Miwa, Kusuyama, Toshiyuki, Fukuda, Hiroyuki, & Ogawa, Kaoru. "Cervical emphysema secondary to pneumomediastinum as a complication of childbirth". Ear, Nose and Throat Journal. 82(12): 948–51. Vancouver style error: initials (help); Check date values in: |access-date= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  3. Riccio, John C.; Abbott, Jean (1990). "A simple sore throat?: Retropharyngeal emphysema secondary to free-basing cocaine". The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 8 (6): 709–712. doi:10.1016/0736-4679(90)90283-2. ISSN 0736-4679.
  4. Abbas, Paulette I.; Akinkuotu, Adesola C.; Peterson, Michelle L.; Mazziotti, Mark V. (2015). "Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in the pediatric patient". The American Journal of Surgery. 210 (6): 1031–1036. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.08.002. ISSN 0002-9610.
  5. Andrade Semedo, Flávia Helena Monteiro; Silva, Rosário Santos; Pereira, Sónia; Alfaiate, Teresa; Costa, Teresa; Fernandez, Pilar; Pereira, Amélia (2012). "Pneumomediastino espontâneo: relato de um caso". Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira. 58 (3): 355–357. doi:10.1590/S0104-42302012000300017. ISSN 0104-4230.

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