Phenocopies of primary immunodeficiency

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Overview

Classification

Immunodeficiency Affecting Cellular and Humoral Immunity

Combined Immunodeficiency

Predominantly Antibody Deficiency

Diseases of Immune Dysregulation

Congenital Defects of Phagocytes

Defects in Intrinsic and Innate Immunity

Auto-inflammatory Disorders

Complement Deficiencies

Phenocopies of Primary Immunodeficiency

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ali Akram, M.B.B.S.[2], Anmol Pitliya, M.B.B.S. M.D.[3]

Overview

Classification

 
 
 
 
Phenocopies of PID
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Associated with Somatic Mutations
 
 
 
 
Associated with Auto-Antibodies
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALPS-SFAS
 
 
 
 
 
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RALD(RAS-associated autoimmune leukoproliferative disease)
 
 
 
 
 
Adult-onset immunodeficiency with susceptibility to mycobacteria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cryopyrinopathy(Muckle-Wells Syndrome)
 
 
 
 
 
Recurrentt skin infections
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hypereosinophilic syndrome due to somatic mutations in STAT5b
 
 
 
 
 
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired angiooedema
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Thymoma with hypogammaglobulinemia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

ALPS-SFAS

  • Heritable disorder of apoptosis, resulting in the accumulation of autoreactive lymphocytes.[1]
  • Manifests in early childhood as nonmalignant lymphadenopathy with hepatosplenomegaly and autoimmune cytopenias.[1]
  • Patients with mutations have developed B and T-cell lymphomas.
  • Peripheral blood analysis in patients has demonstrated hypergammaglobulinemia along with increased numbers of B and T lymphocytes.
  • Some studies have demonstrated that ALPS is compatible with long-term survival.

Types of mutation

  • Type IA is caused by heterozygous mutation in the FAS gene (TNFRSF6, or CD95)
  • Type Ib is caused by heterozygous mutation in the FAS ligand (FASL) gene (TNFSF6 or CD95L)

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Dowdell KC, Niemela JE, Price S, Davis J, Hornung RL, Oliveira JB; et al. (2010). "Somatic FAS mutations are common in patients with genetically undefined autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome". Blood. 115 (25): 5164–9. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-01-263145. PMC 2892951. PMID 20360470.