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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Pharyngitis}}
{{Pharyngitis}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{AA}}{{VSKP}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AA}}, {{VSKP}}
 
==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Pharyngitis]] is [[contagious]], so anyone in close proximity to someone with the [[illness]], is at risk. Social situations with prolonged close interpersonal contact are associated with a higher incidence of the disease, such as in schools, dormitories, or military barracks. Droplet spread has been postulated as the method of transmission, and outbreaks have been associated with contaminated food and water, but fomites are not thought to play a role. The degree of contagion is probably related.<ref name="pmid7989695">Kline JA, Runge JW (1994) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7989695 Streptococcal pharyngitis: a review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.] ''J Emerg Med'' 12 (5):665-80. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/7989695 7989695]</ref>
[[Pharyngitis]] is [[contagious]], so anyone in close proximity to someone with the [[illness]], is at risk. Social situations with prolonged close interpersonal contact are associated with a higher incidence of the disease, such as in schools, dormitories, or military barracks. Droplet spread has been postulated as the method of transmission, and outbreaks have been associated with contaminated food and water, but fomites are not thought to play a role. The degree of contagion is probably related.<ref name="pmid7989695">Kline JA, Runge JW (1994) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7989695 Streptococcal pharyngitis: a review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.] ''J Emerg Med'' 12 (5):665-80. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/7989695 7989695]</ref>


==Common Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
Common risk factors for pharyngitis include:<ref name="pmid12915503">Koch A, Mølbak K, Homøe P, Sørensen P, Hjuler T, Olesen ME et al. (2003) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12915503 Risk factors for acute respiratory tract infections in young Greenlandic children.] ''Am J Epidemiol'' 158 (4):374-84. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/12915503 12915503]</ref><ref name="pmid16253886">Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, Weber M (2005) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16253886 The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases.] ''Lancet Infect Dis'' 5 (11):685-94. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70267-X DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70267-X] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/16253886 16253886]</ref><ref name="pmid7567345">Dajani A, Taubert K, Ferrieri P, Peter G, Shulman S (1995) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7567345 Treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis and prevention of rheumatic fever: a statement for health professionals. Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the American Heart Association.] ''Pediatrics'' 96 (4 Pt 1):758-64. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/7567345 7567345]</ref>
Common risk factors for pharyngitis include:<ref name="pmid12915503">Koch A, Mølbak K, Homøe P, Sørensen P, Hjuler T, Olesen ME et al. (2003) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12915503 Risk factors for acute respiratory tract infections in young Greenlandic children.] ''Am J Epidemiol'' 158 (4):374-84. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/12915503 12915503]</ref><ref name="pmid16253886">Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, Weber M (2005) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16253886 The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases.] ''Lancet Infect Dis'' 5 (11):685-94. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70267-X DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70267-X] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/16253886 16253886]</ref><ref name="pmid7567345">Dajani A, Taubert K, Ferrieri P, Peter G, Shulman S (1995) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7567345 Treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis and prevention of rheumatic fever: a statement for health professionals. Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the American Heart Association.] ''Pediatrics'' 96 (4 Pt 1):758-64. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/7567345 7567345]</ref>
*History of ill contact
*History of ill contact
*Over crowding
*Over crowding
*Frequent sinus infections
*Frequent [[sinus infection]]s
*Smoking
*[[Smoking]]
*Attending day care
*Attending day care
*Immunocompromised
*Immunocompromised
*Cold season
*Cold season
*Allergic rhinitis
*[[Allergic rhinitis]]
*Gastroesophageal reflux disease
*[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]


==Less Common Risk Factors==
==Less Common Risk Factors==

Revision as of 16:12, 21 February 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2], Venkata Sivakrishna Kumar Pulivarthi M.B.B.S [3]

Overview

Pharyngitis is contagious, so anyone in close proximity to someone with the illness, is at risk. Social situations with prolonged close interpersonal contact are associated with a higher incidence of the disease, such as in schools, dormitories, or military barracks. Droplet spread has been postulated as the method of transmission, and outbreaks have been associated with contaminated food and water, but fomites are not thought to play a role. The degree of contagion is probably related.[1]

Risk Factors

Common risk factors for pharyngitis include:[2][3][4]

Less Common Risk Factors

  • Use of corticosteroids
  • Oral sex
  • Multiple sexual partners
  • Unprotected sex

References

  1. Kline JA, Runge JW (1994) Streptococcal pharyngitis: a review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. J Emerg Med 12 (5):665-80. PMID: 7989695
  2. Koch A, Mølbak K, Homøe P, Sørensen P, Hjuler T, Olesen ME et al. (2003) Risk factors for acute respiratory tract infections in young Greenlandic children. Am J Epidemiol 158 (4):374-84. PMID: 12915503
  3. Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, Weber M (2005) The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. Lancet Infect Dis 5 (11):685-94. DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70267-X PMID: 16253886
  4. Dajani A, Taubert K, Ferrieri P, Peter G, Shulman S (1995) Treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis and prevention of rheumatic fever: a statement for health professionals. Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the American Heart Association. Pediatrics 96 (4 Pt 1):758-64. PMID: 7567345