PTGS1

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase)
File:PBB Protein PTGS1 image.jpg PDB rendering based on 1cqe.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: Template:Homologene2PDBe PDBe, Template:Homologene2uniprot RCSB List of PDB id codes 1cqe​, 1diy​, 1ebv​, 1eqg​, 1eqh​, 1fe2​, 1ht5​, 1ht8​, 1igx​, 1igz​, 1pge​, 1pgf​, 1pgg​, 1prh​, 1pth​, 1q4g​, 1u67​, 2ayl​
Identifiers
Symbols	PTGS1 ; COX1; COX3; PCOX1; PGG/HS; PGHS-1; PGHS1; PHS1; PTGHS
External IDs	Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 743
Gene ontology Molecular function Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Cellular component Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Biological process Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Template:GNF Ortholog box
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	n/a	n/a

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (also known as prostaglandin H2 synthase 1, cyclooxygenase-1, and COX-1), gene name PTGS1, is a human protein.

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), also known as cyclooxygenase, is the key enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis, and acts both as a dioxygenase and as a peroxidase. There are two isozymes of PTGS: a constitutive PTGS1 and an inducible PTGS2, which differ in their regulation of expression and tissue distribution. This gene encodes PTGS1, which regulates angiogenesis in endothelial cells, and is inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin. Recent research has shown that the inhibition of COX-1 is the main reason why aspirin is effective at reducing cardiac events (as opposed to aspirin's anti-platelet aggregation effects). PTGS1 is thought to be involved in cell-cell signaling and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Alternative splicing of this gene generates two transcript variants called COX-1 and COX-3. The expression of these two transcripts is differentially regulated by relevant cytokines and growth factors.

See also

• Cyclooxygenase

Further reading

• Richards JA, Petrel TA, Brueggemeier RW (2002). "Signaling pathways regulating aromatase and cyclooxygenases in normal and malignant breast cells". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 80 (2): 203–12. PMID 11897504.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Jain S, Khuri FR, Shin DM (2004). "Prevention of head and neck cancer: current status and future prospects". Current problems in cancer. 28 (5): 265–86. PMID 15375804.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Bingham S, Beswick PJ, Blum DE; et al. (2007). "The role of the cylooxygenase pathway in nociception and pain". Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 17 (5): 544–54. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2006.09.001. PMID 17071117.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Diaz A, Reginato AM, Jimenez SA (1992). "Alternative splicing of human prostaglandin G/H synthase mRNA and evidence of differential regulation of the resulting transcripts by transforming growth factor beta 1, interleukin 1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (15): 10816–22. PMID 1587858.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Takahashi Y, Ueda N, Yoshimoto T; et al. (1992). "Immunoaffinity purification and cDNA cloning of human platelet prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase)". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 182 (2): 433–8. PMID 1734857.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Funk CD, Funk LB, Kennedy ME; et al. (1991). "Human platelet/erythroleukemia cell prostaglandin G/H synthase: cDNA cloning, expression, and gene chromosomal assignment". FASEB J. 5 (9): 2304–12. PMID 1907252.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Yokoyama C, Tanabe T (1990). "Cloning of human gene encoding prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase and primary structure of the enzyme". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 165 (2): 888–94. PMID 2512924.
• Vane JR, Mitchell JA, Appleton I; et al. (1994). "Inducible isoforms of cyclooxygenase and nitric-oxide synthase in inflammation". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (6): 2046–50. PMID 7510883.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Mollace V, Colasanti M, Rodino P; et al. (1994). "HIV coating gp 120 glycoprotein-dependent prostaglandin E2 release by human cultured astrocytoma cells is regulated by nitric oxide formation". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 203 (1): 87–92. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2152. PMID 7521167.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Inoue H, Yokoyama C, Hara S; et al. (1995). "Transcriptional regulation of human prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 gene by lipopolysaccharide and phorbol ester in vascular endothelial cells. Involvement of both nuclear factor for interleukin-6 expression site and cAMP response element". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (42): 24965–71. PMID 7559624.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Ren Y, Loose-Mitchell DS, Kulmacz RJ (1995). "Prostaglandin H synthase-1: evaluation of C-terminus function". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 316 (2): 751–7. PMID 7864630.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Picot D, Loll PJ, Garavito RM (1994). "The X-ray crystal structure of the membrane protein prostaglandin H2 synthase-1". Nature. 367 (6460): 243–9. doi:10.1038/367243a0. PMID 8121489.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Kosaka T, Miyata A, Ihara H; et al. (1994). "Characterization of the human gene (PTGS2) encoding prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2". Eur. J. Biochem. 221 (3): 889–97. PMID 8181472.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Otto JC, DeWitt DL, Smith WL (1993). "N-glycosylation of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthases-1 and -2 and their orientations in the endoplasmic reticulum". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (24): 18234–42. PMID 8349699.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• O'Neill GP, Ford-Hutchinson AW (1993). "Expression of mRNA for cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in human tissues". FEBS Lett. 330 (2): 156–60. PMID 8365485.
• Corasaniti MT, Melino G, Navarra M; et al. (1996). "Death of cultured human neuroblastoma cells induced by HIV-1 gp120 is prevented by NMDA receptor antagonists and inhibitors of nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase". Neurodegeneration : a journal for neurodegenerative disorders, neuroprotection, and neuroregeneration. 4 (3): 315–21. PMID 8581564.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Ballif BA, Mincek NV, Barratt JT; et al. (1996). "Interaction of cyclooxygenases with an apoptosis- and autoimmunity-associated protein". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (11): 5544–9. PMID 8643612.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Hla T (1996). "Molecular characterization of the 5.2 KB isoform of the human cyclooxygenase-1 transcript". Prostaglandins. 51 (1): 81–5. PMID 8900446.
• Mahida YR, Beltinger J, Makh S; et al. (1998). "Adult human colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts express extracellular matrix proteins and cyclooxygenase-1 and -2". Am. J. Physiol. 273 (6 Pt 1): G1341–8. PMID 9435560.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Tsujii M, Kawano S, Tsuji S; et al. (1998). "Cyclooxygenase regulates angiogenesis induced by colon cancer cells". Cell. 93 (5): 705–16. PMID 9630216.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)