Oxytetracycline: Difference between revisions

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{{drugbox |
{{DrugProjectFormSinglePage
| width=220
|authorTag=
| IUPAC_name = 2-(amino-hydroxy-methylidene) -4-dimethylamino -5,6,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy -6-methyl -
 
4,4a,5,5a,6,12a-hexahydrotetracene -1,3,12-trione
 
| CAS_number =79-57-2
<!--Overview-->
| ATC_prefix=J01
 
| ATC_suffix=AA06
|genericName=
| ATC_supplemental={{ATC|D06|AA03}} {{ATC|G01|AA07}}
 
| PubChem=5353856
 
| DrugBank=APRD00019
 
| C=22 | H=24 | N=2 | O=9
|aOrAn=
| molecular_weight = 460.434 [[gram|g]]/[[mole (unit)|mol]]
 
| bioavailability = ?
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| elimination_half-life = ? [[hour]]s
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| pregnancy_category = D: ([[United States|USA]])<br>D: ([[Australia|AUS]])
 
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| routes_of_administration = [[Mouth|Oral]]
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==Overview==
<!--Brand Names-->
'''Oxytetracycline''' was the second of the [[broad-spectrum antibiotic|broad-spectrum]]  [[tetracycline antibiotics|tetracycline group]] of [[antibiotic]]s to be discovered.


==History==
|brandNames=
It was first found near [[Pfizer]] laboratories in a soil sample yielding the soil [[actinomycete]], ''Streptomyces rimosus'' by Finlay et al. In 1953, a celebrated Scottish American [[biochemist]], Robert B Woodward, worked out the chemical structure of Oxytetracycline, enabling Pfizer to mass produce the drug under the trade name, Terramycin. This discovery by Woodward was a major advancement in Tetracycline research and paved the way for the discovery of an Oxytetracycline derivative, [[Doxycycline]], which is one of the most popularly used antibiotics today.


==Indications==
* ®<ref>{{Cite web | title =  | url =  }}</ref>
Oxytetracycline, like other Tetracyclines, is used to treat many infections common and rare (see [[Tetracycline antibiotics]] group). Its better absorption profile makes it preferable to tetracycline for moderately severe [[Acne vulgaris|acne]] at a dosage of 250-500mg four times a day for usually 6-8 weeks at a time, but alternatives should be sought if no improvement occurs by 3 months.<ref>British National Formulary ''45'' March 2003</ref>


It is sometimes used to treat [[Spirochaetal]] infection,Clostridial wound infection and Anthrax in patients sensitive to Penicillin. Oxytetracycline is used to treat infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts, skin, ear, eye and Gonorrhoea although the use of Tetracyclines for such purposes has declined in recent years due to large increases in bacterial resistance to this class of drugs. The drug is particularly useful when Penicillins and/or Macrolides cannot be used due to allergy. It may be used to treat Legionnaire's Disease as a substitute for a Macrolide or Quinolone.
<!--Look-Alike Drug Names-->


Oxytetracycline is especially valuable in treating Non-Specific-Urethritis, LGV, Lyme disease, Brucellosis, Cholera, Plague, Typhus, Relapsing Fever, Tulaeraemia and infections caused by Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Rickettsia. Doxycycline is now preferred to Oxytetracycline for many of these indications because it has improved pharmacologic features.
|lookAlike=


The standard dose is 250-500mg six hourly by mouth. In particularly severe infections this dose may be increased accordingly. Occasionally, Oxytetracycline is given by intramuscular injection or topically in the form of creams, ophthalmic ointments or eye drops.
* A® — B®<ref name="www.ismp.org">{{Cite web  | last =  | first =  | title = http://www.ismp.org | url = http://www.ismp.org | publisher =  | date =  }}</ref>


==Veterinary indications==
<!--Drug Shortage Status-->
Oxytetracycline is used to control the outbreak of American Foulbrood and European Foulbrood in honeybees.


==Side effects==
|drugShortage=
Side effects are mainly gastrointestinal and photosensitive allergic reactions common to the [[tetracycline antibiotics]] group.<BR>
}}
Can also damage calcium rich organs such as teeth and bones although this is very rare, sometimes causes naval cavities to erode, quite common, the BNF suggests that because of this Tetracyclines should not be used to treat pregnant or lactating women and children under 12 except in certain conditions where it has been approved by a specialist because there are no obvious substitutes. Candidiasis (Thrush) is not uncommon following treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics.


== Formulation ==
<!--Pill Image-->
Tablets containing 250mg Tablets of Oxytetracycline as the dihydrate.


==References==
{{PillImage
{{reflist|2}}
|fileName=No image.jpg|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.
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{{Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use}}
<!--Label Display Image-->
{{Gynecological anti-infectives and antiseptics}}
{{TetracyclineAntiBiotics}}


[[Category:Tetracycline antibiotics]]
{{LabelImage
[[Category:Beekeeping]]
|fileName={{PAGENAME}}11.png|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.
}}


{{LabelImage
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<!--Category-->


{{WH}}
[[Category:Drug]]
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Revision as of 14:10, 22 January 2015

Oxytetracycline
Black Box Warning
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];

Disclaimer

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Black Box Warning

Title
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
ConditionName:
  • Content

Overview

Oxytetracycline is a that is FDA approved for the {{{indicationType}}} of . There is a Black Box Warning for this drug as shown here. Common adverse reactions include .

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition3
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition4
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Developed by:
  • Class of Recommendation:
  • Strength of Evidence:
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Oxytetracycline in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Oxytetracycline in adult patients.

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding FDA-Labeled Use of Oxytetracycline in pediatric patients.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Developed by:
  • Class of Recommendation:
  • Strength of Evidence:
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Oxytetracycline in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Oxytetracycline in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

  • Condition1

Warnings

Title
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
ConditionName:
  • Content
  • Description

Precautions

  • Description

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

There is limited information regarding Clinical Trial Experience of Oxytetracycline in the drug label.

Body as a Whole
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Hematologic and Lymphatic
Metabolic and Nutritional
Musculoskeletal
Neurologic
Respiratory
Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions
Special Senses
Urogenital
Miscellaneous

Postmarketing Experience

There is limited information regarding Postmarketing Experience of Oxytetracycline in the drug label.

Body as a Whole
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Hematologic and Lymphatic
Metabolic and Nutritional
Musculoskeletal
Neurologic
Respiratory
Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions
Special Senses
Urogenital
Miscellaneous

Drug Interactions

  • Drug
  • Description

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA):

  • Pregnancy Category


Pregnancy Category (AUS):

  • Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category

There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Oxytetracycline in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

There is no FDA guidance on use of Oxytetracycline during labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Oxytetracycline with respect to nursing mothers.

Pediatric Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Oxytetracycline with respect to pediatric patients.

Geriatic Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Oxytetracycline with respect to geriatric patients.

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Oxytetracycline with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Oxytetracycline with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Oxytetracycline in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Oxytetracycline in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Oxytetracycline in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Oxytetracycline in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

  • Oral
  • Intravenous

Monitoring

There is limited information regarding Monitoring of Oxytetracycline in the drug label.

  • Description

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding IV Compatibility of Oxytetracycline in the drug label.

Overdosage

Acute Overdose

Signs and Symptoms

  • Description

Management

  • Description

Chronic Overdose

There is limited information regarding Chronic Overdose of Oxytetracycline in the drug label.

Pharmacology

There is limited information regarding Oxytetracycline Pharmacology in the drug label.

Mechanism of Action

Structure

File:Oxytetracycline01.png
This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

Pharmacodynamics

There is limited information regarding Pharmacodynamics of Oxytetracycline in the drug label.

Pharmacokinetics

There is limited information regarding Pharmacokinetics of Oxytetracycline in the drug label.

Nonclinical Toxicology

There is limited information regarding Nonclinical Toxicology of Oxytetracycline in the drug label.

Clinical Studies

There is limited information regarding Clinical Studies of Oxytetracycline in the drug label.

How Supplied

Storage

There is limited information regarding Oxytetracycline Storage in the drug label.

Images

Drug Images

{{#ask: Page Name::Oxytetracycline |?Pill Name |?Drug Name |?Pill Ingred |?Pill Imprint |?Pill Dosage |?Pill Color |?Pill Shape |?Pill Size (mm) |?Pill Scoring |?NDC |?Drug Author |format=template |template=DrugPageImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Pill Name }}

Package and Label Display Panel

{{#ask: Label Page::Oxytetracycline |?Label Name |format=template |template=DrugLabelImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Label Page }}

Patient Counseling Information

There is limited information regarding Patient Counseling Information of Oxytetracycline in the drug label.

Precautions with Alcohol

  • Alcohol-Oxytetracycline interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

Look-Alike Drug Names

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

  1. Empty citation (help)
  2. "http://www.ismp.org". External link in |title= (help)


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