Nephrotic syndrome epidemiology and demographics

Revision as of 00:38, 1 August 2018 by Ssharfaei (talk | contribs)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Nephrotic Syndrome Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Nephrotic syndrome from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X-Ray

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

CT Scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Nephrotic syndrome epidemiology and demographics On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Nephrotic syndrome epidemiology and demographics

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Nephrotic syndrome epidemiology and demographics

CDC on Nephrotic syndrome epidemiology and demographics

Nephrotic syndrome epidemiology and demographics in the news

Blogs on Nephrotic syndrome epidemiology and demographics

Directions to Hospitals Treating Nephrotic syndrome

Risk calculators and risk factors for Nephrotic syndrome epidemiology and demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, Serge Korjian

Overview

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome has an incidence of 2-7 cases per 100,000 and a prevalence of 16 cases per 100,000.[1] Nephrotic syndrome may affect children and adults alike. There is no age or ethnic predominance. The prevalence of nephrotic syndrome in children has a 2 to 1 male to female ratio.[2]

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence and Prevalence

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome has an incidence of 2-7 cases per 100,000 and a prevalence of 16 cases per 100,000.[1]

Approximately 70-90% of children less than 10 years of age with nephrotic syndrome are diagnosed with minimal change disease (MCD), a common form of primary glomerulonephritis characterized by normal glomeruli on light microscopy and by podocyte effacement on electron microscopy.[3][4][5] In older children, MCD still accounts for 50% of nephrotic syndrome.[4][5] In adults, the prevalence of MCD is much lower. Adult-onset MCD only comprises 10-15% of all cases of MCD. On the other hand, the incidence of other primary glomerulonephritides and other causes of secondary nephrotic syndrome, such as infections, malignancies, and vasculitides are much more common.

Age

Nephrotic syndrome may affect children and adults alike. There is no age or ethnic predominance. In total, the incidence of nephrotic syndrome is the same for adults and for children. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome has an incidence of 2-7 cases per 100,000 and a prevalence of 16 cases per 100,000.[1]

Gender

According to observational studies, the prevalence of nephrotic syndrome in children has a 2 to 1 male to female ratio.[2] In adults, however, the prevalence is the same in both genders.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Eddy AA, Symons JM (2003). "Nephrotic syndrome in childhood". Lancet. 362 (9384): 629–39. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14184-0. PMID 12944064.
  2. 2.0 2.1 "The primary nephrotic syndrome in children. Identification of patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome from initial response to prednisone. A report of the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children". J Pediatr. 98 (4): 561–4. 1981. PMID 7205481.
  3. Cho MH, Hong EH, Lee TH, Ko CW (2007). "Pathophysiology of minimal change nephrotic syndrome and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis". Nephrology (Carlton). 12 Suppl 3: S11–4. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1797.2007.00875.x. PMID 17995521.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Cameron JS (1996). "Nephrotic syndrome in the elderly". Semin Nephrol. 16 (4): 319–29. PMID 8829270.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Cameron JS, Turner DR, Ogg CS, Sharpstone P, Brown CB (1974). "The nephrotic syndrome in adults with 'minimal change' glomerular lesions". Q J Med. 43 (171): 461–88. PMID 4422336.