Myelodysplastic syndrome medical therapy: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Chemotherapy is recommended among all patients who develop myelodysplastic syndrome.<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref>
[[Chemotherapy]] is recommended among all patients who develop myelodysplastic syndrome.<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref>
==Medical Therapy==
==Medical Therapy==
*Treatment is based on the type of MDS and the person's age and general health. The goal of treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome is to:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref>
*Treatment is based on the type of myelodysplastic syndrome and the person's age and general health. The goal of treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome is to:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref>
**Relieve symptoms
**Relieve symptoms
**Slow or prevent progression of the disease
**Slow or prevent progression of the disease
**Improve quality of life
**Improve quality of life
===Chemotherapy===
===Chemotherapy===
* The most common chemotherapy drug used to treat MDS is cytarabine. Cytarabine may be combined with other pharmacological agents such as:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref>
*The most common chemotherapy drug used to treat myelodysplastic syndrome is cytarabine. Cytarabine may be combined with other pharmacological agents such as:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref>
**Idarubicin  
**[[Idarubicin]]
**Topotecan  
**[[Topotecan]]
**Fludarabine
**[[Fludarabine]]
* Other chemotherapeutic agents that may be used to treat MDS include:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref>
* Other chemotherapeutic agents that may be used to treat myelodysplastic syndrome include:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref>
**Daunorubucin  
**[[Daunorubucin]]
**Mitoxantrone  
**[[Mitoxantrone]]
===Supportive Therapy===
===Supportive Therapy===
*Supportive therapy is given to relieve symptoms and lessen the problems caused by abnormal blood cell counts or treatment for MDS.<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref>
*Supportive therapy is given to relieve symptoms and lessen the problems caused by abnormal blood cell counts or treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome.<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref>
====Transfusions====
====Transfusions====
*Patients with anemia may receive blood transfusions to correct the red blood cell counts.
*Patients with anemia may receive blood transfusions to correct the red blood cell counts.
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*Patients with bleeding problems due to low platelet counts may be given platelet transfusions.
*Patients with bleeding problems due to low platelet counts may be given platelet transfusions.
====Growth Factors====
====Growth Factors====
*Epoetin (erythropoietin)
*[[Epoetin]] (erythropoietin)
:*Helps improve production of red blood cells
:*Helps improve production of red blood cells
*Filgrastim  
*[[Filgrastim]]
:*Also called granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
:*Also called granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
:*Helps improve production of white blood cells
:*Helps improve production of white blood cells
*Pegfilgrastim  
*[[Pegfilgrastim]]
:*A long-acting G-CSF
:*A long-acting G-CSF
====Supportive Therapy====
====Supportive Therapy====
*Other drugs that may be used to treat symptoms or side effects of therapy include:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref>
*Other drugs that may be used to treat symptoms or side effects of therapy include:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref>
*Deferoxamine  
*[[Deferoxamine]]
:*treats excess iron in the blood
:*treats excess iron in the blood
:*sometimes given with Vitamin C.
:*sometimes given with Vitamin C.
*Lenalidomide  
*[[Lenalidomide]]
:*decreases the need for transfusions in people with a specific chromosome change
:*decreases the need for transfusions in people with a specific chromosome change
*Antithymocyte globulin  
*[[Antithymocyte globulin]]
:*decreases the need for transfusions in certain types of MDS
:*decreases the need for transfusions in certain types of myelodysplastic syndrome
*Antibiotics
*Antibiotics
:*help to prevent or treat infections
:*help to prevent or treat infections
*Hypomethylating agents, such as 5-azacytidine or decitabine  
*Hypomethylating agents, such as [[5-azacytidine]] or [[decitabine]]
:*stop cancer cells from producing DNA or RNA so the cells die
:*stop cancer cells from producing DNA or RNA so the cells die
==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 02:49, 27 November 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nawal Muazam M.D.[2]

Overview

Chemotherapy is recommended among all patients who develop myelodysplastic syndrome.[1]

Medical Therapy

  • Treatment is based on the type of myelodysplastic syndrome and the person's age and general health. The goal of treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome is to:[1]
    • Relieve symptoms
    • Slow or prevent progression of the disease
    • Improve quality of life

Chemotherapy

  • The most common chemotherapy drug used to treat myelodysplastic syndrome is cytarabine. Cytarabine may be combined with other pharmacological agents such as:[1]
  • Other chemotherapeutic agents that may be used to treat myelodysplastic syndrome include:[1]

Supportive Therapy

  • Supportive therapy is given to relieve symptoms and lessen the problems caused by abnormal blood cell counts or treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome.[1]

Transfusions

  • Patients with anemia may receive blood transfusions to correct the red blood cell counts.
  • Frequent blood transfusions can be complicated by a buildup of extra iron in the body, which is treated with drug therapy.
  • Patients with bleeding problems due to low platelet counts may be given platelet transfusions.

Growth Factors

  • Helps improve production of red blood cells
  • Also called granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
  • Helps improve production of white blood cells
  • A long-acting G-CSF

Supportive Therapy

  • Other drugs that may be used to treat symptoms or side effects of therapy include:[1]
  • Deferoxamine
  • treats excess iron in the blood
  • sometimes given with Vitamin C.
  • decreases the need for transfusions in people with a specific chromosome change
  • decreases the need for transfusions in certain types of myelodysplastic syndrome
  • Antibiotics
  • help to prevent or treat infections
  • stop cancer cells from producing DNA or RNA so the cells die

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015


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