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{{Mycobacterium avium complex infection}}


'''''Related Key Words and Synonyms:'''''
{{CMG}}
 
== Epidemiology and Demographics ==
 
Not reportable. Population-based data available for Houston and Atlanta metropolitan areas suggest a rate of 1/100,000/year. Incidence is decreasing among HIV- infected patients as a result of new treatment modalities e.g., combination therapy with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors, as well as antimycobacterial prophylaxis.
 
== Risk Factors ==
 
HIV-infected persons. Rarely in children or nonimmuno-compromised persons.
 
== Pathophysiology & Etiology==


'''Etiologic Agent:'''
==[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection overview|Overview]]==


Mycobacterium avium complex (comprising M. avium and M.intracellulare).
==[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


'''Transmission:'''
==[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection classification|Classification]]==


Although the mode of transmission is unclear, MAC is most likely environmentally acquired. 
==[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


== Diagnosis ==  
==[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection causes|Causes]]==
Diagnosis can be achieved through blood cultures, or cultures of other bodily fluids such as lymphatic dranage or stool. Bone marrow culture can often yield an earlier diagnosis, but is usually avoided as an initial diagnostic step because of its invasiveness.


=== History and Symptoms ===
==[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection differential diagnosis|Differentiating Mycobacterium avium complex infection from other Diseases]]==
Several different syndromes are caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Disseminated infections are usually associated with HIV infection. Less commonly, pulmonary disease in nonimmunocompromised persons is a result of infection with MAC. In children, the most common syndrome is cervical lymphadenitis.


In HIV infected persons, manifestations include night sweats, [[weight loss]], abdominal pain, [[fatigue]], [[diarrhea]], and [[anemia]].
==[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


== Risk Stratification and Prognosis==
==[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
Incidence is decreasing because of changes in treatment for HIV-infected patients; however, antimicrobial resistance may be increasing.


== Treatment ==
==[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


=== Pharmacotherapy ===
==Diagnosis==
Treatment involves a combination of anti-tuberculosis antibiotics. These include:
[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection CT|CT]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection MRI|MRI]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


*[[Rifampicin]]
==Treatment==
*[[Rifabutin]]
*[[Ciprofloxacin]]
*[[Amikacin]]
*[[Ethambutol]]
*[[Streptomycin]]
*[[Clarithromycin]]
*[[Azithromycin]]


==References==
[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


#http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/mycobacteriumavium_t.htm
==Case Studies==
#http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_avium_complex
[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection case study one|Case #1]]


== Acknowledgements ==
== Acknowledgements ==
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[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]

Latest revision as of 18:08, 18 September 2017

Mycobacterium avium complex infection

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Mycobacterium avium complex infection from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

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Case #1

Acknowledgements

The content on this page was first contributed by: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. Template:SIB

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