Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [2]
Overview
The general symptoms of tuberculosis include weakness, weight loss, fever, and night sweats. Symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis include cough, chest pain, and hemoptysis. Tuberculosis is particularly difficult to diagnose in children, as these may not present with common findings.
History
Clinicians should ask about the patient’s history of TB exposure, infection, or disease. It is also important to consider demographic factors (e.g., country of origin, age, ethnic or racial group, occupation) that may increase the patient’s risk for exposure to drug-resistant TB. A lso, clinicians should determine whether the patient has medical conditions, especially HIV infection, that increase the risk of latent TB infection progressing to TB disease.
Symptoms
When the disease becomes active, 75% of the cases are located in the lungs. Pulmonary tuberculosis should be suspected in persons who have the following symptoms:[1]
- Cough (most common symptom)
- Initially dry cough that progresses to productive.
- Persistent cough, usually for more than three weeks.
- Fever
- Night sweats
- Unexplained weight loss
- Hemoptysis
- Chest pain
- Anorexia
- Malaise
- Chills
- Fatigue
- Dyspnea
References
- ↑ Mandell, Gerald (2010). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. ISBN 0443068399.