Monkeypox historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
* The clinical expression of monkeypox was first described in 1958. Poxlike disease was observed in cynomolgus (Macaca cynomolgus) monkeys that were shipped from Singapore to a research facility in Copenhagen, Denmark. The virus was isolated and identified as monkeypox virus. | |||
* First case of monkeypox in humans was reported in September 1, 1970. A 9-month-old child was suspected of having smallpox and admitted to Basankusu Hospital in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Specimen was collected from patient and sent the World Health Organization Smallpox Reference Center in Moscow, Russia. The specimen revealed a virus similar to, if not identical with, monkeypox virus. | |||
* Since 1970, monkeypox virus emerged and cases were recorded in 11 African countries: Benin, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Cote d’Ivoire, Liberia, Nigeria, the Republic of the Congo, Sierra Leone and South Sudan. Until 1990, more than 400 cases were recorded. | |||
* Between 1970 and 1979, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed 54 cases. | |||
* Between 1981 and 1986, the WHO conducted an intensive active surveillance, confirming 338 cases and 33 deaths. | |||
* Number of reported cases declined after ending the Monkeypox surveillance program. In Cameroon, Gabon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 6 cases were reported in 1987, one in 1990, 5 in 1991 and one in 1992. | |||
* Between 1993 and 1995, no cases of monkeypox were reported to the WHO. | |||
* Between 1996 and 1997, 511 cases were suspected in an outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo although only small number were laboratory confirmed. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 21:36, 12 June 2022
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:
Overview
Monkeypox virus was first identified in monkeys shipped from Singapore to Denmark in 1958. First case of monkeypox in humans was reported in a hospitalized child in the Republic of the Congo in 1970. Since 1970, monkeypox virus emerged and cases were recorded in 11 African countries. Until the late 1980s, more than 400 cases were recorded. In the early 1990s, the number of reported cases dramatically declined to notably zero cases between 1993 and 1995. In 1996, large number of cases were suspected in an outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo but only small number of cases were laboratory confirmed.
In 2003, 47 cases of monkeypox were confirmed in the United States. In the following years, there has been cases of monkeypox recorded periodically in non-endemic regions, predominately in the United Kingdom and one in Singapore. All of these cases were imported from endemic regions. In May 2022, case clusters of monkeypox were traced around the world over a short period of time. As of May 22, 2022, a total of 109 cases were recorded and 87 suspected around the world. On June 2, 2022, 780 cases of monkeypox were identified or reported to the World Health Organization.
Historical Perspective
- The clinical expression of monkeypox was first described in 1958. Poxlike disease was observed in cynomolgus (Macaca cynomolgus) monkeys that were shipped from Singapore to a research facility in Copenhagen, Denmark. The virus was isolated and identified as monkeypox virus.
- First case of monkeypox in humans was reported in September 1, 1970. A 9-month-old child was suspected of having smallpox and admitted to Basankusu Hospital in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Specimen was collected from patient and sent the World Health Organization Smallpox Reference Center in Moscow, Russia. The specimen revealed a virus similar to, if not identical with, monkeypox virus.
- Since 1970, monkeypox virus emerged and cases were recorded in 11 African countries: Benin, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Cote d’Ivoire, Liberia, Nigeria, the Republic of the Congo, Sierra Leone and South Sudan. Until 1990, more than 400 cases were recorded.
- Between 1970 and 1979, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed 54 cases.
- Between 1981 and 1986, the WHO conducted an intensive active surveillance, confirming 338 cases and 33 deaths.
- Number of reported cases declined after ending the Monkeypox surveillance program. In Cameroon, Gabon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 6 cases were reported in 1987, one in 1990, 5 in 1991 and one in 1992.
- Between 1993 and 1995, no cases of monkeypox were reported to the WHO.
- Between 1996 and 1997, 511 cases were suspected in an outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo although only small number were laboratory confirmed.