Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
There have been reported different stages of [[MERS-CoV]] [[infection]] in the discovered cases. These may range from [[asymptomatic]] patients to critically ill patients.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web | title = Updated Information on the Epidemiology of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus | url = http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6238a4.htm }}</ref><ref name="MemishZumla2013">{{cite journal|last1=Memish|first1=Ziad A.|last2=Zumla|first2=Alimuddin I.|last3=Assiri|first3=Abdullah|title=Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections in Health Care Workers|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=369|issue=9|year=2013|pages=884–886|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMc1308698}}</ref> According to the underlying [[comorbidities]] of each patient, along with the evolution of the disease, some [[complications]] may develop, involving other [[organ systems]], including: | There have been reported different stages of [[MERS-CoV]] [[infection]] in the discovered cases. These may range from [[asymptomatic]] patients to critically ill patients.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web | title = Updated Information on the Epidemiology of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus | url = http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6238a4.htm }}</ref><ref name="MemishZumla2013">{{cite journal|last1=Memish|first1=Ziad A.|last2=Zumla|first2=Alimuddin I.|last3=Assiri|first3=Abdullah|title=Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections in Health Care Workers|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=369|issue=9|year=2013|pages=884–886|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMc1308698}}</ref> According to the underlying [[comorbidities]] of each patient, along with the evolution of the disease, some [[complications]] may develop, involving other [[organ systems]], including:<ref name="MemishZumla2013">{{cite journal|last1=Memish|first1=Ziad A.|last2=Zumla|first2=Alimuddin I.|last3=Al-Hakeem|first3=Rafat F.|last4=Al-Rabeeah|first4=Abdullah A.|last5=Stephens|first5=Gwen M.|title=Family Cluster of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=368|issue=26|year=2013|pages=2487–2494|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1303729}}</ref><ref name="Zakivan Boheemen2012">{{cite journal|last1=Zaki|first1=Ali M.|last2=van Boheemen|first2=Sander|last3=Bestebroer|first3=Theo M.|last4=Osterhaus|first4=Albert D.M.E.|last5=Fouchier|first5=Ron A.M.|title=Isolation of a Novel Coronavirus from a Man with Pneumonia in Saudi Arabia|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=367|issue=19|year=2012|pages=1814–1820|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1211721}}</ref><ref name=WHO1>{{cite web | title = Novel coronavirus summary and literature update as of 17 May 2013 | url = http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/update_20130517/en/ }}</ref><ref name="DrostenSeilmaier2013">{{cite journal|last1=Drosten|first1=Christian|last2=Seilmaier|first2=Michael|last3=Corman|first3=Victor M|last4=Hartmann|first4=Wulf|last5=Scheible|first5=Gregor|last6=Sack|first6=Stefan|last7=Guggemos|first7=Wolfgang|last8=Kallies|first8=Rene|last9=Muth|first9=Doreen|last10=Junglen|first10=Sandra|last11=Müller|first11=Marcel A|last12=Haas|first12=Walter|last13=Guberina|first13=Hana|last14=Röhnisch|first14=Tim|last15=Schmid-Wendtner|first15=Monika|last16=Aldabbagh|first16=Souhaib|last17=Dittmer|first17=Ulf|last18=Gold|first18=Hermann|last19=Graf|first19=Petra|last20=Bonin|first20=Frank|last21=Rambaut|first21=Andrew|last22=Wendtner|first22=Clemens-Martin|title=Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection|journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases|volume=13|issue=9|year=2013|pages=745–751|issn=14733099|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70154-3}}</ref><ref name="AssiriMcGeer2013">{{cite journal|last1=Assiri|first1=Abdullah|last2=McGeer|first2=Allison|last3=Perl|first3=Trish M.|last4=Price|first4=Connie S.|last5=Al Rabeeah|first5=Abdullah A.|last6=Cummings|first6=Derek A.T.|last7=Alabdullatif|first7=Zaki N.|last8=Assad|first8=Maher|last9=Almulhim|first9=Abdulmohsen|last10=Makhdoom|first10=Hatem|last11=Madani|first11=Hossam|last12=Alhakeem|first12=Rafat|last13=Al-Tawfiq|first13=Jaffar A.|last14=Cotten|first14=Matthew|last15=Watson|first15=Simon J.|last16=Kellam|first16=Paul|last17=Zumla|first17=Alimuddin I.|last18=Memish|first18=Ziad A.|title=Hospital Outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=369|issue=5|year=2013|pages=407–416|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1306742}}</ref><ref name="GueryPoissy2013">{{cite journal|last1=Guery|first1=Benoit|last2=Poissy|first2=Julien|last3=el Mansouf|first3=Loubna|last4=Séjourné|first4=Caroline|last5=Ettahar|first5=Nicolas|last6=Lemaire|first6=Xavier|last7=Vuotto|first7=Fanny|last8=Goffard|first8=Anne|last9=Behillil|first9=Sylvie|last10=Enouf|first10=Vincent|last11=Caro|first11=Valérie|last12=Mailles|first12=Alexandra|last13=Che|first13=Didier|last14=Manuguerra|first14=Jean-Claude|last15=Mathieu|first15=Daniel|last16=Fontanet|first16=Arnaud|last17=van der Werf|first17=Sylvie|title=Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission|journal=The Lancet|volume=381|issue=9885|year=2013|pages=2265–2272|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60982-4}}</ref><ref name="AssiriAl-Tawfiq2013">{{cite journal|last1=Assiri|first1=Abdullah|last2=Al-Tawfiq|first2=Jaffar A|last3=Al-Rabeeah|first3=Abdullah A|last4=Al-Rabiah|first4=Fahad A|last5=Al-Hajjar|first5=Sami|last6=Al-Barrak|first6=Ali|last7=Flemban|first7=Hesham|last8=Al-Nassir|first8=Wafa N|last9=Balkhy|first9=Hanan H|last10=Al-Hakeem|first10=Rafat F|last11=Makhdoom|first11=Hatem Q|last12=Zumla|first12=Alimuddin I|last13=Memish|first13=Ziad A|title=Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study|journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases|volume=13|issue=9|year=2013|pages=752–761|issn=14733099|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70204-4}}</ref><ref name="ArabiArifi2014">{{cite journal|last1=Arabi|first1=Yaseen M.|last2=Arifi|first2=Ahmed A.|last3=Balkhy|first3=Hanan H.|last4=Najm|first4=Hani|last5=Aldawood|first5=Abdulaziz S.|last6=Ghabashi|first6=Alaa|last7=Hawa|first7=Hassan|last8=Alothman|first8=Adel|last9=Khaldi|first9=Abdulaziz|last10=Al Raiy|first10=Basel|title=Clinical Course and Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=160|issue=6|year=2014|pages=389-397|issn=0003-4819|doi=10.7326/M13-2486}}</ref><ref name=WHO2>{{cite web | title = Background and summary of novel coronavirus infection - as of 21 December 2012 | url = http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/update_20121221/en/ }}</ref> | ||
*[[Acute respiratory distress syndrome]] | *[[Acute respiratory distress syndrome]] | ||
*[[Acute kidney injury]] | *[[Acute kidney injury]] | ||
Revision as of 14:29, 23 June 2014
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness. It is caused by an emerging coronavirus, specifically a betacoronavirus called MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus), first discovered in 2012. Being a relatively novel virus, there is no virus-specific prevention or treatment options for MERS patients. Attending to the fact that a vaccine hasn't been developed yet, enhancing infection prevention and control measures is critical to prevent the possible spread of MERS-CoV in hospitals and communities. To date, the mortality rate of MERS-CoV is approximately 30%. Cases have been reported where critically ill patients have developed complications such as: acute renal failure, pericarditis and disseminated intravascular coagulation .[1][2][3][4]
Complications
There have been reported different stages of MERS-CoV infection in the discovered cases. These may range from asymptomatic patients to critically ill patients.[4][5] According to the underlying comorbidities of each patient, along with the evolution of the disease, some complications may develop, involving other organ systems, including:[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Acute kidney injury
- Pericarditis
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- Shock
Prognosis
References
- ↑ Drosten C, Seilmaier M, Corman VM, Hartmann W, Scheible G, Sack S; et al. (2013). "Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection". Lancet Infect Dis. 13 (9): 745–51. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70154-3. PMID 23782859.
- ↑ Dyall J, Coleman CM, Hart BJ, Venkataraman T, Holbrook MR, Kindrachuk J; et al. (2014). "Repurposing of clinically developed drugs for treatment of Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus Infection". Antimicrob Agents Chemother. doi:10.1128/AAC.03036-14. PMID 24841273.
- ↑ "Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infections when novel coronavirus is suspected: What to do and what not to do" (PDF).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "MERS Prevention and Treatment".
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Memish, Ziad A.; Zumla, Alimuddin I.; Assiri, Abdullah (2013). "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections in Health Care Workers". New England Journal of Medicine. 369 (9): 884–886. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1308698. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Zaki, Ali M.; van Boheemen, Sander; Bestebroer, Theo M.; Osterhaus, Albert D.M.E.; Fouchier, Ron A.M. (2012). "Isolation of a Novel Coronavirus from a Man with Pneumonia in Saudi Arabia". New England Journal of Medicine. 367 (19): 1814–1820. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1211721. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ "Novel coronavirus summary and literature update as of 17 May 2013".
- ↑ Drosten, Christian; Seilmaier, Michael; Corman, Victor M; Hartmann, Wulf; Scheible, Gregor; Sack, Stefan; Guggemos, Wolfgang; Kallies, Rene; Muth, Doreen; Junglen, Sandra; Müller, Marcel A; Haas, Walter; Guberina, Hana; Röhnisch, Tim; Schmid-Wendtner, Monika; Aldabbagh, Souhaib; Dittmer, Ulf; Gold, Hermann; Graf, Petra; Bonin, Frank; Rambaut, Andrew; Wendtner, Clemens-Martin (2013). "Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 13 (9): 745–751. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70154-3. ISSN 1473-3099.
- ↑ Assiri, Abdullah; McGeer, Allison; Perl, Trish M.; Price, Connie S.; Al Rabeeah, Abdullah A.; Cummings, Derek A.T.; Alabdullatif, Zaki N.; Assad, Maher; Almulhim, Abdulmohsen; Makhdoom, Hatem; Madani, Hossam; Alhakeem, Rafat; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Cotten, Matthew; Watson, Simon J.; Kellam, Paul; Zumla, Alimuddin I.; Memish, Ziad A. (2013). "Hospital Outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus". New England Journal of Medicine. 369 (5): 407–416. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1306742. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Guery, Benoit; Poissy, Julien; el Mansouf, Loubna; Séjourné, Caroline; Ettahar, Nicolas; Lemaire, Xavier; Vuotto, Fanny; Goffard, Anne; Behillil, Sylvie; Enouf, Vincent; Caro, Valérie; Mailles, Alexandra; Che, Didier; Manuguerra, Jean-Claude; Mathieu, Daniel; Fontanet, Arnaud; van der Werf, Sylvie (2013). "Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission". The Lancet. 381 (9885): 2265–2272. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60982-4. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ Assiri, Abdullah; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A; Al-Rabeeah, Abdullah A; Al-Rabiah, Fahad A; Al-Hajjar, Sami; Al-Barrak, Ali; Flemban, Hesham; Al-Nassir, Wafa N; Balkhy, Hanan H; Al-Hakeem, Rafat F; Makhdoom, Hatem Q; Zumla, Alimuddin I; Memish, Ziad A (2013). "Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 13 (9): 752–761. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70204-4. ISSN 1473-3099.
- ↑ Arabi, Yaseen M.; Arifi, Ahmed A.; Balkhy, Hanan H.; Najm, Hani; Aldawood, Abdulaziz S.; Ghabashi, Alaa; Hawa, Hassan; Alothman, Adel; Khaldi, Abdulaziz; Al Raiy, Basel (2014). "Clinical Course and Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection". Annals of Internal Medicine. 160 (6): 389–397. doi:10.7326/M13-2486. ISSN 0003-4819.
- ↑ "Background and summary of novel coronavirus infection - as of 21 December 2012".