Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The most common symptoms at presentation include fever, with or without chills or rigors, cough, shortness of breath, and myalgia. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, or abdominal pain are also frequent. Acute kidney injury, pericarditis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation and other serious complications may occur in some cases.
History and Symptoms
| Symptom | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Fever Fever with chills or rigors |
98% 87% |
| Cough Dry Productive |
83% 47% 36% |
| Hemoptysis | 17% |
| Shortness of breath | 72% |
| Chest Pain | 15% |
| Sore throat | 21% |
| Runny nose | 4% |
| Abdominal Pain | 17% |
| Nausea | 21% |
| Vomiting | 21% |
| Diarrhoea | 26% |
| Myalgia | 32% |
| Headache | 13% |
Suspect MERS-CoV infection in case of:
- Fever (≥38°C, 100.4°F) and pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (based on clinical or radiological evidence);
AND EITHER
- History of travel from countries in or near the Arabian Peninsula1 within 14 days before symptom onset;
OR
- Close contact2 with a symptomatic traveler who developed fever and acute respiratory illness (not necessarily pneumonia) within 14 days after traveling from countries in or near the Arabian Peninsula;
OR
- Is a member of a cluster of patients with severe acute respiratory illness (e.g.fever and pneumonia requiring hospitalization) of unknown etiology in which MERS-CoV is being evaluated, in consultation with state and local health departments.
Symptoms
The table describes the symptoms of MERS-CoV infection. All but two patients (96%) had one or more chronic medical conditions, including diabetes (68%), hypertension (34%), heart disease (28%), and kidney disease (49%). Thirty-four (72%) had more than one chronic condition. In a retrospective study on 47 patients with MERS-CoV infection, 42 (89%) needed intensive care and 34 (72%) had mechanical ventilation.[1] Cases have been reported where patients developed acute renal failure, pericarditis and disseminated intravascular coagulation . [2]
References
- ↑ Assiri A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Al-Rabeeah AA, Al-Rabiah FA, Al-Hajjar S, Al-Barrak A; et al. (2013). "Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study". Lancet Infect Dis. 13 (9): 752–61. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70204-4. PMID 23891402.
- ↑ Drosten C, Seilmaier M, Corman VM, Hartmann W, Scheible G, Sack S; et al. (2013). "Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection". Lancet Infect Dis. 13 (9): 745–51. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70154-3. PMID 23782859.