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*''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]'' ([[sporozoa]]) (''immunocompromised patients'')
*''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]'' ([[sporozoa]]) (''immunocompromised patients'')
Ameobic pathogens exist as free-living protozoans. Nevertheless, these pathogens cause rare and uncommon CNS infections. N. fowleri produces primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). The symptoms of PAM are indistinguishable from acute bacterial meningitis. Other amebae cause granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), which is a more subacute and can even a non-symptomatic chronic infection. Ameobic meningoencephalitis can mimic a brain abscess, aseptic or chronic meningitis, or CNS malignancy.<ref>{{EMedicine|article|996227|Amebic Meningoencephalitis}}</ref>
Ameobic pathogens exist as free-living protozoans. Nevertheless, these pathogens cause rare and uncommon CNS infections. N. fowleri produces primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). The symptoms of PAM are indistinguishable from acute bacterial meningitis. Other amebae cause granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), which is a more subacute and can even a non-symptomatic chronic infection. Ameobic meningoencephalitis can mimic a brain abscess, aseptic or chronic meningitis, or CNS malignancy.<ref>{{EMedicine|article|996227|Amebic Meningoencephalitis}}</ref>
==Prognosis==
The disease is associated with high rates of [[death|mortality]] and severe [[morbidity]].


== Mucormycosis meningoencephalitis ==
== Mucormycosis meningoencephalitis ==


{{#ev:youtube|un6CqeDPuH0}}
{{#ev:youtube|un6CqeDPuH0}}
==References==
{{reflist|2}}


==Related Chapters==
==Related Chapters==

Revision as of 15:43, 27 November 2012

Meningoencephalitis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Overview

Meningoencephalitis is a medical condition that simultaneously resembles both meningitis, which is an infection or inflammation of the meninges, and encephalitis, which is an infection or inflammation of the brain. There are many causative organisms, including both viral and bacterial pathogens and parasitic microbes, which can give rise to meningoencephalitis along with other causative agents (such as certain antibodies). The disease is associated with high rates of mortality and severe morbidity.

Causes

Causative organisms include protozoans, viral and bacterial pathogens.

Specific types include:

Bacterial

Viral

Other/multiple

Protozoal

Ameobic pathogens exist as free-living protozoans. Nevertheless, these pathogens cause rare and uncommon CNS infections. N. fowleri produces primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). The symptoms of PAM are indistinguishable from acute bacterial meningitis. Other amebae cause granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), which is a more subacute and can even a non-symptomatic chronic infection. Ameobic meningoencephalitis can mimic a brain abscess, aseptic or chronic meningitis, or CNS malignancy.[5]

Prognosis

The disease is associated with high rates of mortality and severe morbidity.

Mucormycosis meningoencephalitis

{{#ev:youtube|un6CqeDPuH0}}

References

  1. Bruyn HB, Sexton HM, Brainerd HD (1957). "Mumps meningoencephalitis; a clinical review of 119 cases with one death". Calif Med. 86 (3): 153–60. PMC 1512024. PMID 13404512. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. Newton, PJ; Newsholme, W; Brink, NS; Manji, H; Williams, IG; Miller, RF (2002). "Acute meningoencephalitis and meningitis due to primary HIV infection". BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 325 (7374): 1225–7. PMC 1124692. PMID 12446542.
  3. Del Saz, SV; Sued, O; Falcó, V; Agüero, F; Crespo, M; Pumarola, T; Curran, A; Gatell, JM; Pahissa, A (2008). "Acute meningoencephalitis due to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in 13 patients: clinical description and follow-up". Journal of neurovirology. 14 (6): 474–9. doi:10.1080/13550280802195367. PMID 19037815.
  4. Orgogozo JM, Gilman S, Dartigues JF; et al. (2003-07-08). "Subacute meningoencephalitis in a subset of patients with AD after Aß42 immunization". Neurology. 61 (1): 46–54. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000073623.84147.A8. PMID 12847155. Retrieved 2008-05-01.
  5. Amebic Meningoencephalitis at eMedicine

Related Chapters

ca:Meningoencefalitis


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