Meningitis causes: Difference between revisions

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==Causes==
==Causes==
Most cases of meningitis are caused by [[microorganisms]], such as [[viruses]], [[bacteria]], [[fungi]], or [[parasite]]s, that spread into the blood and into the [[cerebrospinal fluid]] (CSF).<ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | pages = 876&ndash;9 |edition = 4th ed. | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 0838585299 }}</ref>  Non-infectious causes include [[cancer]]s, [[systemic lupus erythematosus]] and certain [[drugs]].  The most common cause of meningitis is viral, and often runs its course within a few days. Bacterial meningitis is the second most frequent type and can be serious and life-threatening. Numerous microorganisms may cause bacterial meningitis, but ''[[Neisseria meningitidis]]'' ("meningococcus") and ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'' ("pneumococcus") are the most common pathogens in patients without immune deficiency, with meningococcal disease being more common in children. ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' may complicate neurosurgical operations, and ''[[Listeria monocytogenes]]'' is associated with poor nutritional state and alcoholicism. ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'' (type B) incidence has been much reduced by immunization in many countries. ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]'' (the causative agent of [[tuberculosis]]) rarely causes meningitis in Western countries but is common and feared in countries where tuberculosis is endemic.
Most cases of meningitis are caused by [[microorganisms]], such as [[viruses]], [[bacteria]], [[fungi]], or [[parasite]]s, that spread into the blood and into the [[cerebrospinal fluid]] (CSF).<ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | pages = 876&ndash;9 |edition = 4th ed. | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 0838585299 }}</ref>  Non-infectious causes include [[cancer]]s, [[systemic lupus erythematosus]] and certain [[drugs]].  The most common cause of meningitis is viral, and often runs its course within a few days. Bacterial meningitis is the second most frequent type and can be serious and life-threatening. Numerous microorganisms may cause bacterial meningitis, but ''[[Neisseria meningitidis]]'' ("meningococcus") and ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'' ("pneumococcus") are the most common pathogens in patients without immune deficiency, with meningococcal disease being more common in children. ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' may complicate neurosurgical operations, and ''[[Listeria monocytogenes]]'' is associated with poor nutritional state and alcoholicism. ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'' (type B) incidence has been much reduced by immunization in many countries. ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]'' (the causative agent of [[tuberculosis]]) rarely causes meningitis in Western countries but is common and feared in countries where tuberculosis is endemic.
In alphabetical order. <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
=== Common Causes ===
* [[Escherichia coli]]
* [[Gram-negative bacilli]]
* [[Group B streptococci]]
* [[Haemophilus influenzae]]
* [[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]
* [[Listeria monocytogenes]]
* [[Neisseria Meningitis]]
* [[Non-Group B streptococci]]
* [[Staphylococci]]
* [[Streptococcus agalactiae]]
* [[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
=== Infectious Causes ===
* [[Abscess]]
* [[Adenovirus]]
* [[Arboviruses]]
* [[Aspergillosis]]
* [[Borrelia]]
* [[Candidiasis]]
* [[Chlamydia psittaci]]
* [[Coccidioidomycosis]]
* [[Coxsackie viruses]]
* [[Cryptococcosis]]
* [[Cysticercosis]]
* [[Cytomegalovirus]]
* [[ECHO viruses]] ('''E'''ntero '''C'''ytopathogenic '''H'''uman '''O'''rphan)
* [[Epstein-Barr Virus]]
* [[Escherichia coli]]
* [[Haemophilus influenzae]]
* [[Herpes Simplex Virus]]
* [[Histoplasmosis]]
* [[HIV]]
* [[Influenza]]
* [[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]
* [[Leptospira]]
* [[Listeria monocytogenes]]
* [[Malaria]]
* [[Measles]]
* [[Mumps]]
* [[Mycobacteria]]
* [[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]
* [[Neisseria Meningitidis]]
* [[Otitis]]
* [[Pertussis]]
* [[Polio]]
* [[Proteus]]
* [[Pseudomonas]]
* [[Rabies]]
* [[Rickettsia]]
* [[Rubella]]
* [[Sarcoidosis]]
* [[Schistosomiasis]]
* [[Sinusitis]]
* [[Smallpox]]
* [[Staphylococcus aureus]]
* [[Staphylococcus epidermidis]]
* [[Streptococci]]
* [[Streptococcus agalactiae]]
* [[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
* [[Syphilis]]
* [[Toxoplasmosis]]
* [[Tuberculosis]]
* [[Varicella-Zoster Virus]]
* [[Whipple's Disease]]
=== Noninfectious Causes ===
* [[Behcet's Syndrome]]
* [[Brain tumor]]
* [[Cerebrovascular accident]]
* [[Drugs]]
* Meningeal carcinomatosis
* Meningeal [[leukemia]]
* [[Multiple Sclerosis]]
* Vaccine reaction
* Triquinine


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 14:36, 25 July 2012

Meningitis Main Page

Patient Information

Overview

Causes

Classification

Viral Meningitis
Bacterial Meningitis
Fungal Meningitis

Differential Diagnosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Overview

Causes

Most cases of meningitis are caused by microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites, that spread into the blood and into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).[1] Non-infectious causes include cancers, systemic lupus erythematosus and certain drugs. The most common cause of meningitis is viral, and often runs its course within a few days. Bacterial meningitis is the second most frequent type and can be serious and life-threatening. Numerous microorganisms may cause bacterial meningitis, but Neisseria meningitidis ("meningococcus") and Streptococcus pneumoniae ("pneumococcus") are the most common pathogens in patients without immune deficiency, with meningococcal disease being more common in children. Staphylococcus aureus may complicate neurosurgical operations, and Listeria monocytogenes is associated with poor nutritional state and alcoholicism. Haemophilus influenzae (type B) incidence has been much reduced by immunization in many countries. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (the causative agent of tuberculosis) rarely causes meningitis in Western countries but is common and feared in countries where tuberculosis is endemic.

In alphabetical order. [2] [3]

Common Causes

Infectious Causes

Noninfectious Causes

References

  1. ↑ Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 876&ndash, 9. ISBN 0838585299.
  2. ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
  3. ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X


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