Medium-sized vessel vasculitis with hypertension: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 14:42, 10 April 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]

Abbreviations: ABG= Arterial blood gas, ANA= Antinuclear antibody, ANP= Atrial natriuretic peptide, ASO= Antistreptolysin O antibody, BNP= Brain natriuretic peptide, CBC= Complete blood count, COPD= Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CRP= C-reactive protein, CT= Computed tomography, CXR= Chest X-ray, DVT= Deep vein thrombosis, ESR= Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HRCT= High Resolution CT, IgE= Immunoglobulin E, LDH= Lactate dehydrogenase, PCWP= Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, PCR= Polymerase chain reaction, PFT= Pulmonary function test.

			Symptoms					Physical examination			Lab Findings				Imaging				Histopathology
Diseases			Clinical manifestations								Para-clinical findings									Gold standard	Additional findings
			Symptoms					Physical examination			Para-clinical findings
			Headache	Fever	Weight loss	Arthralgia	Claudication	Bruit	HTN	Focal neurological disorder	Biomarker	CBC	ESR	Other	CT scan	Angiography	Ultrasound/ Echocardiography	Other	Histopathology
Medium-Vessel Vasculitis	Polyarteritis nodosa^[1]		+	+	+	+	+	+	+/-	+/-	LAMP-2 protein autoantibodies	Leukocytosis, Normochromic anemia, Thrombocytosis	↑	↑ Cr or BUN, ↑ ALT or AST, Proteinuria	Focal regions of infarction or hemorrhage	Multiple microaneurysms, Hemorrhage due to focal rupture, Occlusion	Aneurysms and renal arteriovenous fistula in color Doppler sonography	-	Necrotizing inflammatory lesions	Angiography	Sudden weight loss, Abdominal pain
	Hepatitis B virus-associated polyarteritis nodosa^[2]		+/-	+/-	+	+	+/-	+/-	+	-	HBsAg	Leukocytosis, Normochromic anemia, Thrombocytosis	↑	↑ ALT or AST	Focal regions of infarction or hemorrhage	Microaneurysms in mesenteric artery	Aneurysms and renal arteriovenous fistula in color Doppler sonography	-	Necrotizing inflammatory lesions	Angiography	Peripheral neuropathy, Livedo reticularis
	Kawasaki disease^[3]		-	+	+/-	+	+	-	+/-	-	NT-proBNP, Meprin A, Filamin C	Normochromic anemia, ↑WBC with a left shift, Thrombocytosis	↑	Acute-phase reactants, ↓Cholesterol, ↓HDL, ↓ApolipoA	Coronary artery calcifications	Coronary artery aneurysms, stenosis or occlusion	Coronary artery anomaly in echocardiography	Electron beam CT (EBCT)	Acute destruction of the media by neutrophils, with loss of elastic fibers	History and physical examination	Diarrhea, Vomiting
	Infectious disease	Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome^[4]	+	+	+	+	-	-	+/-	+/-	Anti exfoliatin and anti alpha-toxin antibodies	Leukocytosis with left shift	↑	Blood culture	Pneumonia	-	-	-	Intraepidermal blister, dense superficial perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate	Blood culture and clinical findings	Widespread skin erythema, fluid-filled blisters
	Cardiovascular disease	Segmental arterial mediolysis^[5]	+	-	-	-	+	+	+	+/-	-	Leukocytosis	-	-	Visceral artery aneurysm in CT angiography	Alternating aneurysms and stenoses (beading)	Retroperitoneal hematoma	-	Disruption of the smooth muscle in the media	Angiography	Hematuria, Ischemic colitis

References

↑ Howard T, Ahmad K, Swanson JA, Misra S (2014). "Polyarteritis nodosa". Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 17 (4): 247–51. doi:10.1053/j.tvir.2014.11.005. PMC 4363102. PMID 25770638.
↑ Sharma A, Sharma K (September 2013). "Hepatotropic viral infection associated systemic vasculitides-hepatitis B virus associated polyarteritis nodosa and hepatitis C virus associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis". J Clin Exp Hepatol. 3 (3): 204–12. doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2013.06.001. PMC 4216827. PMID 25755502.
↑ Takahashi K, Oharaseki T, Yokouchi Y (2011). "Pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease". Clin Exp Immunol. 164 Suppl 1: 20–2. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04361.x. PMC 3095860. PMID 21447126.
↑ Mishra AK, Yadav P, Mishra A (2016). "A Systemic Review on Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS): A Rare and Critical Disease of Neonates". Open Microbiol J. 10: 150–9. doi:10.2174/1874285801610010150. PMC 5012080. PMID 27651848.
↑ Chao, Christine (2009). "Segmental Arterial Mediolysis". Seminars in Interventional Radiology. 26 (03): 224–232. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1225666. ISSN 0739-9529.

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[pmid25770638-1] Howard T, Ahmad K, Swanson JA, Misra S (2014). "Polyarteritis nodosa". Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 17 (4): 247–51. doi:10.1053/j.tvir.2014.11.005. PMC 4363102. PMID 25770638.

[pmid25755502-2] Sharma A, Sharma K (September 2013). "Hepatotropic viral infection associated systemic vasculitides-hepatitis B virus associated polyarteritis nodosa and hepatitis C virus associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis". J Clin Exp Hepatol. 3 (3): 204–12. doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2013.06.001. PMC 4216827. PMID 25755502.

[pmid21447126-3] Takahashi K, Oharaseki T, Yokouchi Y (2011). "Pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease". Clin Exp Immunol. 164 Suppl 1: 20–2. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04361.x. PMC 3095860. PMID 21447126.

[pmid27651848-4] Mishra AK, Yadav P, Mishra A (2016). "A Systemic Review on Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS): A Rare and Critical Disease of Neonates". Open Microbiol J. 10: 150–9. doi:10.2174/1874285801610010150. PMC 5012080. PMID 27651848.

[Chao2009-5] Chao, Christine (2009). "Segmental Arterial Mediolysis". Seminars in Interventional Radiology. 26 (03): 224–232. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1225666. ISSN 0739-9529.

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@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 <span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:'''
 ABG= [[Arterial blood gas]], ANA= [[Antinuclear antibody]], ANP= [[Atrial natriuretic peptide]], ASO= [[Antistreptolysin O|Antistreptolysin O antibody]], BNP= [[Brain natriuretic peptide]], CBC= [[Complete blood count]], COPD= [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], CRP= [[C-reactive protein]], CT= [[Computed tomography]], CXR= [[Chest X-ray]], DVT= [[Deep vein thrombosis]], ESR= [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], HRCT= [[High Resolution CT]], IgE= [[Immunoglobulin E]], LDH= [[Lactate dehydrogenase]], PCWP= [[Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure]], PCR= [[Polymerase chain reaction]], PFT= [[Pulmonary function test]].</span>
+<small>
 {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
 ! colspan="3" rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diseases
@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
 |-
-! rowspan="18" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Medium-Vessel Vasculitis
+! rowspan="5" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Medium-Vessel Vasculitis
 ! colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]<ref name="pmid25770638">{{cite journal| author=Howard T, Ahmad K, Swanson JA, Misra S| title=Polyarteritis nodosa. | journal=Tech Vasc Interv Radiol | year= 2014 | volume= 17 | issue= 4 | pages= 247-51 | pmid=25770638 | doi=10.1053/j.tvir.2014.11.005 | pmc=4363102 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25770638  }}</ref>
 ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
@@ Line 102: / Line 102: @@
 ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Diarrhea]], [[Vomiting]]
 |-
-! rowspan="10" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Infectious disease]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Infectious disease]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Parvovirus B19 infection]]<ref name="pmid12097253">{{cite journal| author=Heegaard ED, Brown KE| title=Human parvovirus B19. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2002 | volume= 15 | issue= 3 | pages= 485-505 | pmid=12097253 | doi= | pmc=118081 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12097253  }}</ref>
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Parvovirus B19|B19]] [[DNA]], ↓[[Reticulocyte count]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Anemia]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |anti–[[parvovirus B19]] [[IgM]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hydrops]] in fetal [[ultrasonography]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Parvovirus B19|B19]] [[DNA]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Purpura|Purpuric rash]], [[Erythema multiforme]]
-|-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Scarlet fever]]<ref name="pmid29081840">{{cite journal| author=Basetti S, Hodgson J, Rawson TM, Majeed A| title=Scarlet fever: a guide for general practitioners. | journal=London J Prim Care (Abingdon) | year= 2017 | volume= 9 | issue= 5 | pages= 77-79 | pmid=29081840 | doi=10.1080/17571472.2017.1365677 | pmc=5649319 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29081840  }}</ref>
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Antistreptococcal antibodies|Antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titers]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[CRP]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Thickened [[pulmonary]] markings if [[pneumonia]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Sparse [[Neutropenia|neutrophilic]] [[Perivascular cell|perivascular infiltrate]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |History and [[physical examination]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Sand-paper rashes, [[Sore throat]]
-|-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Toxic shock syndrome]]<ref name="pmid22180682">{{cite journal| author=Vostral SL| title=Rely and Toxic Shock Syndrome: a technological health crisis. | journal=Yale J Biol Med | year= 2011 | volume= 84 | issue= 4 | pages= 447-59 | pmid=22180682 | doi= | pmc=3238331 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22180682  }}</ref>
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Procalcitonin]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] with [[left shift]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Myoglobinuria]], [[Pyuria|Sterile pyuria]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Acute respiratory distress syndrome]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Necrosis|Necrolysis]] of [[keratinocytes]] in [[epidermis]],  Perivascular [[lymphocytic]] infiltrate
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Clinical criteria
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Peeling or [[rashes]], Organ dysfunction
-|-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Mononucleosis]]<ref name="pmid25774295">{{cite journal| author=Balfour HH, Dunmire SK, Hogquist KA| title=Infectious mononucleosis. | journal=Clin Transl Immunology | year= 2015 | volume= 4 | issue= 2 | pages= e33 | pmid=25774295 | doi=10.1038/cti.2015.1 | pmc=4346501 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25774295  }}</ref>
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Epstein Barr virus|EBV]] [[DNA]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Atypical lymphocyte]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Heterophile antibody test|Heterophile antibodies]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[CNS Disease|CNS involvement]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Splenomegaly]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Encephalitis]] in [[MRI]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lymphoproliferative response]] in [[oropharynx]], [[Lymphocytic|Lymphocytic infiltration]] in [[spleen]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Heterophile antibody test]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Splenomegaly]], [[Palatal]] [[petechiae]]
-|-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Leptospirosis]]<ref name="pmid11292640">{{cite journal |vauthors=Levett PN |title=Leptospirosis |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=296–326 |date=April 2001 |pmid=11292640 |pmc=88975 |doi=10.1128/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001 |url=}}</ref>
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Interleukin 6|IL-6]], [[IL-8]] and [[IL-10]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Anemia]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[Creatinine|Cr]] or [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]],
-↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]], [[Proteinuria]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Diffuse [[alveolar]] [[hemorrhage]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Toxin]]-mediated break down of [[endothelial cell]] membranes of [[capillaries]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Culture and the [[Agglutination|microscopic agglutination test]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Red eyes]], [[Skin rash]]
-|-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Lyme disease|Lyme Disease]]<ref name="pmid23319969">{{cite journal| author=Biesiada G, Czepiel J, Leśniak MR, Garlicki A, Mach T| title=Lyme disease: review. | journal=Arch Med Sci | year= 2012 | volume= 8 | issue= 6 | pages= 978-82 | pmid=23319969 | doi=10.5114/aoms.2012.30948 | pmc=3542482 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23319969  }}</ref>
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[CXCL9|CXCL9 (MIG)]], [[CXCL10|CXCL10 (IP-10)]] and [[CCL19|CCL19 (MIP3B)]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukopenia]], [[Thrombocytopenia]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Microscopic hematuria]], [[Proteinuria]], ↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Punctate lesions in periventricular [[white matter]] in [[brain]] [[SPECT]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Serological testing|Serologic '''tests''']]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Erythema migrans]]
-|-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Measles]]<ref name="pmid22510638">{{cite journal| author=White SJ, Boldt KL, Holditch SJ, Poland GA, Jacobson RM| title=Measles, mumps, and rubella. | journal=Clin Obstet Gynecol | year= 2012 | volume= 55 | issue= 2 | pages= 550-9 | pmid=22510638 | doi=10.1097/GRF.0b013e31824df256 | pmc=3334858 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22510638  }}</ref>
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Measles]] [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukopenia]], [[Lymphocytosis]], [[Thrombocytopenia]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Pneumonia]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Chest X-ray|CXR]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Spongiosis and vesiculation in the [[epidermis]] with scattered dyskeratotic [[keratinocytes]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[PCR]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Rash|Generalized rash]], [[Cough]], [[Coryza]], or [[Conjunctivitis]]
-|-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever]]<ref name="pmid2504480">{{cite journal| author=Walker DH| title=Rocky Mountain spotted fever: a disease in need of microbiological concern. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 1989 | volume= 2 | issue= 3 | pages= 227-40 | pmid=2504480 | doi= | pmc=358117 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2504480  }}</ref>
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |''[[Rickettsia rickettsii infection|R rickettsii]]'' [[serology]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thrombocytopenia]], [[Anemia]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]], [[Hyponatremia]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Infarction]], [[edema]], and [[meningeal]] enhancement
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Myocardial]] or conduction abnormalities in [[echocardiography]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Immunofluorescent]] or [[immunoperoxidase]] staining of ''[[Rickettsia rickettsii infection|R rickettsii]]''
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Clinical criteria and [[tick]] exposure
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Rash on the [[Palms of the hands|palms]] and [[soles]]
-|-
 ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome|Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome]]<ref name="pmid27651848">{{cite journal| author=Mishra AK, Yadav P, Mishra A| title=A Systemic Review on Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS): A Rare and Critical Disease of Neonates. | journal=Open Microbiol J | year= 2016 | volume= 10 | issue=  | pages= 150-9 | pmid=27651848 | doi=10.2174/1874285801610010150 | pmc=5012080 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27651848  }}</ref>
 ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
@@ Line 293: / Line 124: @@
 ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Erythroderma|'''Widespread''' skin erythema]], [[Blisters|fluid-filled '''blisters''']]
 |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis]]<ref name="pmid27239294">{{cite journal| author=Hoetzenecker W, Mehra T, Saulite I, Glatz M, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Guenova E et al.| title=Toxic epidermal necrolysis. | journal=F1000Res | year= 2016 | volume= 5 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=27239294 | doi=10.12688/f1000research.7574.1 | pmc=4879934 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27239294  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cardiovascular disease]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[MicroRNA|MicroRNA-124]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia|Normochromic normocytic anemia]], [[Eosinophilia]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Fluid loss]] and [[electrolyte abnormalities]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Tracheobronchial]] [[inflammation]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Necrotic]] [[keratinocytes]] with full-thickness [[epithelial]] [[necrosis]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Histopathology]] and clinical findings
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Erythematous rash|Erythematous macular rash]] with [[purpuric]] centers
-|-
-! rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cardiovascular disease]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Atrial Myxoma]]<ref name="pmid8407260">{{cite journal |vauthors=MacGowan SW, Sidhu P, Aherne T, Luke D, Wood AE, Neligan MC, McGovern E |title=Atrial myxoma: national incidence, diagnosis and surgical management |journal=Ir J Med Sci |volume=162 |issue=6 |pages=223–6 |date=June 1993 |pmid=8407260 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Calretinin]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Mild [[anemia]], [[Leukocytosis]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[Interleukin 6|IL-6]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Atrial]] filling defect larger than a [[thrombus]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Tumor]] location, size, attachment, and mobility in [[echocardiography]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Size, shape, and surface characteristics in [[MRI]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lipid|Lipidic]] cells embedded in a [[vascular]] myxoid stroma
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Echocardiography]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Dyspnea on exertion]], [[Syncope]]
-|-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cholesterol Embolism]]<ref name="pmid21886725">{{cite journal| author=Avci G, Akoz T, Gul AE| title=Cutaneous cholesterol embolization. | journal=J Dermatol Case Rep | year= 2009 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 27-9 | pmid=21886725 | doi=10.3315/jdcr.2009.1031 | pmc=3157794 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21886725  }}</ref>
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Interleukin 5|IL-5]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Eosinophilia]], [[Leukocytosis]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Eosinophiluria]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thoracic aorta|Thoracic]] and [[Abdominal aorta|abdominal aortic]] sources of [[embolism]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Atheroembolism]] in [[abdominal aorta]] and the [[lower extremity]] [[arteries]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Excluding an [[intracardiac]] source of [[embolism]] with [[echocardiography]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Birefringent]] crystals or biconvex needle-shaped ghostly clefts within the [[arterial]] [[lumen]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Angiography]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Livedo reticularis]],
-[[Ischemic|Ischemic patches]]
-|-
 ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Segmental arteries|Segmental arterial]] mediolysis<ref name="Chao2009">{{cite journal|last1=Chao|first1=Christine|title=Segmental Arterial Mediolysis|journal=Seminars in Interventional Radiology|volume=26|issue=03|year=2009|pages=224–232|issn=0739-9529|doi=10.1055/s-0029-1225666}}</ref>
 ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
@@ Line 379: / Line 145: @@
 ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Angiography]]
 ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hematuria]], [[Ischemic colitis]]
-|-
-! rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Systemic disease]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Antiphospholipid syndrome|Antiphospholipid Syndrome]]<ref name="pmid26637701">{{cite journal| author=Chaturvedi S, McCrae KR| title=The antiphospholipid syndrome: still an enigma. | journal=Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages= 53-60 | pmid=26637701 | doi=10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.53 | pmc=4877624 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26637701  }}</ref>
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Antiphospholipid antibodies]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thrombocytopenia]], [[Hemolytic anemia]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lupus anticoagulant|Lupus anticoagulant (LA)]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Stroke]],
-[[Pulmonary embolism]], [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thrombus]] in major [[vessels]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Valve thickening, vegetations, or  insufficiency in [[echocardiography]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Noninflammatory bland [[thrombosis]] without perivascular [[inflammation]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Hx of [[thrombosis]] and [[antiphospholipid antibodies]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Miscarriage]], [[Pulmonary hypertension]]
-|-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis]]<ref name="pmid22753788">{{cite journal |vauthors=Espinosa M, Gottlieb BS |title=Juvenile idiopathic arthritis |journal=Pediatr Rev |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages=303–13 |date=July 2012 |pmid=22753788 |doi=10.1542/pir.33-7-303 |url=}}</ref>
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Rheumatoid factor|Rheumatoid factor (RF)]], [[S100A12]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lymphocytosis]], [[Thrombocytopenia]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Myeloid-related proteins 8/14 (MRP8/14)
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Synovial]] [[hypertrophy]], Joint effusions
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Cerebral vasculitis]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Inflamed [[synovium]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Bone scan|Bone scanning]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Vascular congestion]], [[Extravasation|RBC extravasation]], Venular lumen occlusion
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Conventional [[radiography]]
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Rash|Evanescent rash]], [[Dactylitis]]
 |-
 |}
+</small>
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|2}}

Medium-sized vessel vasculitis with hypertension: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 14:42, 10 April 2018

References

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