Lymphadenopathy causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]

Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning No underlying causes
Dermatologic Erythroderma, Infantile papular acrodermatitis, Melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, Mycosis fungoides
Drug Side Effect Allopurinol, Atenolol , Captopril, Carbamazepine , Cephalosporins, Gold,Hydralazine, Penicillin, Phenytoin, Phenytoin, Primidone, Pyrimethamine, Quinidine, Sulfonamides,Sulindac, Yaws
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Hyperthyroidism
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Mesenteric adenitis, Stomach cancer, Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome,Whipple's disease
Genetic Familial alphalipoprotein deficiency, Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, Familial histiocytic reticulosis, X-linked agammaglobulinaemia, X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome
Hematologic Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Acute lymphocytic leukemia, Adult T cell leukemia, Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1, Castleman's disease, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Cutaneous T cell lymphoma,Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, Familial histiocytic reticulosis, Faisalabad histiocytosis, Gamma heavy chain disease, Hairy cell leukaemia, Hemoblastosis, Hemophagocytic reticulosis, Histiocytosis X,Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome, Large granular lymphocyte leukemia,Leukemia, Lipogranulomatosis, Lymphangioma, Lymphoma, Macroglobulinemia, Myeloproliferative disorder,Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Primary autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, Plasma cell leukemia, Reticuloendotheliosis,Sinus histiocytosis, Systemic mastocytosis, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, X-linked agammaglobulinaemia,X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome, WT limb blood syndrome
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Bacteria:

Anthrax, Borrelia burgdorferi, Boutonneuse fever, Brucellosis, Cat scratch disease, Congenital tuberculosis, Erysipelas, Granuloma inguinale, Lepromatous leprosy, Listeriosis, Lymphogranuloma venereum,Mastitis, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, Mycobacterium chelonei, Pinta,Plague, Rat-bite fever, Rickettsiae, Scrub typhus, Sennetsu fever, Septicaemia, Spotted fevers,Streptococcal tonsillitis, Syphilis, Three-day fever, Tuberculosis, Tularemia, Typhus fever, Vincent's angina, Yersinia pestis

Virus:

AIDS, Cowpox, Coxsackie virus, Cytomegalovirus infection, Dengue, German Measles/Rubella, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Herpes simplex, Infectious mononucleosis, Influenza, Lassa fever, Measles, Mumps,Smallpox, Varicella, Western equine encephalitis

Fungal:

Coccidioidomycosis, Blastomycosis, Histoplasmosis, Sporotrichosis

Parasitic:

African Sleeping sickness, Chagas' disease, Congenital Toxoplasmosis, Filaria, Lymphatic filariasis,Onchocerciasis, Opisthorchiasis, Paracoccidioidomycosis, Rhabditida Infections, Toxoplasmosis,Trypanosomiasis, Visceral leishmaniasis /Kala-azar, Wuchereria bancrofti

Musculoskeletal / Ortho Juvenile chronic arthritis, WT limb blood syndrome
Neurologic Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic Apo A-I deficiency, Sphingomyelinase deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Acute lymphocytic leukemia, Adult T cell leukemia, Breast cancer, Colorectal cancer, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hemangiopericytoma, Lip cancer, Malignant lymphoma, Melanoma, Metastasis, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Pancoast tumor, Pseudolymphoma,Rhabdomyosarcoma, Stomach cancer, Cutaneous T cell lymphoma, Hairy cell leukaemia, Hodgkin's Lymphoma,Large granular lymphocyte leukemia, Lymphoma, Plasma cell leukemia, Merkel cell carcinoma, Mycosis fungoides,WT limb blood syndrome
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, Pneumoconiosis, Sarcoidosis
Renal / Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1, Caspase-8 deficiency, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Common Variable Immunodeficiency, Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, Griscelli disease, Primary autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, Rheumatoid arthritis, Serum sickness, Siccardi syndrome, Still's Disease, Systemic lupus erythematosus/SLE, Sarcoidosis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Amyloidosis, Aphthous stomatitis, Bejel, Black widow spider envenomation, Cystic hygroma,Gingivostomatitis, Idiopathic, Radiotherapy, Snake bite (Viperidae), Spider bite, Vaccination

Causes in Alphabetical Order[3] [4]


Bihilar Lymphadenopathy

The causes can divide into the four commonest:

Less common causes include:

References

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  18. Caballes RL, Caballes-Ponce MG, Kim DU (1997). "Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHLH)". Pathology. 29 (1): 92–5. PMID 9094188. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  19. information at the Histiocytosis Association of America
  20. Bieliauskas S, Tubbs RR, Bacon CM; et al. (2012). "Gamma heavy-chain disease: defining the spectrum of associated lymphoproliferative disorders through analysis of 13 cases". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 36 (4): 534–43. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e318240590a. PMID 22301495. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
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  28. Pulsoni A, Anghel G, Falcucci P; et al. (2002). "Treatment of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease): report of a case and literature review". Am. J. Hematol. 69 (1): 67–71. PMID 11835335. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
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