Lutembacher's syndrome: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}} '''Associate Editor-in-Chief:''' [[User:Ayokunle Olubaniyi|Ayokunle Olubaniyi, M.B,B.S]]
{{Lutembacher's syndrome}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} <font color="#777777">{{AO}}</font>


==Overview==
==[[{{PAGENAME}} overview|Overview]]==
Lutembacher's syndrome is a rare form of [[congenital heart disease]].  It refers to a combination of congenital [[atrial septal defect]] complicated by an acquired [[mitral stenosis]].  The atrial septal defect is usually a specific type called a [[ostium secundum|secundum]] atrial septal defect.


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==[[{{PAGENAME}} historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
This is a very rare disease.  The incidence is 0.001/1000000<ref name="pmid3354470">{{cite journal| author=Berry NS, Bauman JL, Gallastegui JL, Bauma W, Beckman KJ, Hariman RJ| title=Analysis of antiarrhythmic drug concentrations determined during electrophysiologic drug testing in patients with inducible tachycardias. | journal=Am J Cardiol | year= 1988 | volume= 61 | issue= 11 | pages= 922-4 | pmid=3354470 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3354470  }} </ref>.


==Complications and Prognosis==
==[[{{PAGENAME}} pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
Complications are usually related to a late diagnosis.  They include [[pulmonary hypertension]] and [[heart failure]].  Early diagnosis and surgical treatment has a good prognostic value.


==Diagnosis==
==[[{{PAGENAME}} epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
===History and Symptoms===
[[{{PAGENAME}} epidemiology and demographics#Epidemiology|Epidemiology]] 
Symptoms depend on the size of ASD, extent of mitral stenosis, compliance of the right ventricle and degree of changes in the pulmonary circulation. Presentation can be due to cardiac failure, atrial arrhythmias, dyspnoea, exercise intolerance, paradoxical emboli or other disease-related complications like pulmonary hypertension and infective endocarditis.
| [[{{PAGENAME}} epidemiology and demographics#Demographics|Demographics]] 


===Physical Examination===
==[[{{PAGENAME}} natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
[[{{PAGENAME}} natural history, complications and prognosis#Natural History|Natural History]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} natural history, complications and prognosis#Complications|Complications]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} natural history, complications and prognosis#Prognosis|Prognosis]] 


===Chest X Ray===
==Diagnosis==
 
[[{{PAGENAME}} history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]]
===Echocardiography===
| [[{{PAGENAME}} physical examination|Physical Examination]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} X-Ray|X-Ray]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} echocardiography|Echocardiography]]


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
===Medical Therapy===
[[{{PAGENAME}} percutaneous approach|Percutaneous Approach]]
 
| [[{{PAGENAME}} surgical approach|Surgical Approach]]
===Surgery===
 
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


{{Congenital malformations and deformations of circulatory system}}
==[[{{PAGENAME}} case studies|Case Studies]]==
[[{{PAGENAME}} case study one|Case #1]]


[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Medicine]]


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Latest revision as of 11:29, 20 August 2013