Lupus nephritis pathophysiology

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Lupus nephritis Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]

Pathophysiology

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, or lupus) is an autoimmune disease. This means there is a problem with the body's immune system.

Normally, the immune system helps protect the body from harmful substances. But in patients with an autoimmune disease, the immune system cannot tell the difference between harmful substances and healthy ones. As a result, the immune system attacks otherwise healthy cells and tissue.

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR

[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

• It is understood that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
• [Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
• Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
• [Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
• The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
• The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Genetics

• [Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.
• Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include [gene1], [gene2], and [gene3].
• The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations.

Gross Pathology

• On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Gross, enlarged very pale kidneys with flea bite or ectasia. A good example of kidneys from a patient with nephrotic syndrome (subacute glomerulonephritis)	Gross cut surface pale kidneys typical of nephrotic syndrome (subacute glomerulonephritis)	Gross natural color nice external and cut surface view of uniformly scarred and moderately shrunken kidneys	Micro high mag H&E increased mesangial tissue and wire loops 10yo female with renal failure and TIAs due to Libman Sacks endocarditis

Microscopic Pathology

• On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Kidney: Lupus Erythematosus: Micro high mag H&E. A nice example of a lesion of chronic glomerulonephritis with lobular scarring. A fibrous type crescent.	Kidney: Lupus Erythematosus: Micro high mag H&E two glomeruli showing mesangial thickening and focal wire loop type lesions 19yo female with renal failure and embolic brain disease from Libman Sacks lesion on mitral valve	Kidney: Lupus Erythematosus: Micro med mag PASH glomerulonephritis	Kidney: Lupus Erythematosus: Micro med mag H&E typical glomerulonephritis lesion

Videos

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