Lung cancer classification: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Primary lung cancers may be classified into | Primary lung cancers may be classified into [[small cell lung cancer]] (~15%) and [[non small cell lung cancer]] (~85%). Non small cell lung cancer are a heterogenous group of lung cancers that are often grouped together because they share similar clinical features (e.g. [[prognosis]] and management). The 2004 WHO histological classification of [[tumors]] of the [[lung]] categorized [[lung]] [[tumors]] into [[malignant]] [[epithelial]] [[tumors]], [[benign]] [[epithelial]] [[tumors]], [[Lymphoproliferative disorders|lymphoproliferative tumors]], miscellaneous [[tumors]], and [[metastatic]] [[tumors]]. | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
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==WHO Histological Classification of Tumors of the Lung == | ==WHO Histological Classification of Tumors of the Lung == | ||
The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies tumors of the lungs as follows:<ref name="WHO">{{cite book | last = Travis | first = William | title = Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart | publisher = IARC Press | location = Lyon | year = 2004 | isbn = 9283224183 }}</ref> | The [[World Health Organization]] ([[World Health Organization|WHO]]) classifies [[tumors]] of the [[lungs]] as follows:<ref name="WHO">{{cite book | last = Travis | first = William | title = Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart | publisher = IARC Press | location = Lyon | year = 2004 | isbn = 9283224183 }}</ref> | ||
===Malignant | ===Malignant epithelial tumors=== | ||
====Squamous cell carcinoma==== | ====Squamous cell carcinoma==== | ||
* Papillary carcinoma | * [[Papillary]] carcinoma | ||
* [[Clear cell carcinoma of the lung|Clear cell carcinoma]] | * [[Clear cell carcinoma of the lung|Clear cell carcinoma]] | ||
* [[Small cell carcinoma]] | * [[Small cell carcinoma]] | ||
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====[[Adenocarcinoma of lung|Adenocarcinoma]]==== | ====[[Adenocarcinoma of lung|Adenocarcinoma]]==== | ||
* [[Adenocarcinoma of lung|Adenocarcinoma]], mixed subtype | * [[Adenocarcinoma of lung|Adenocarcinoma]], mixed subtype | ||
* [[Acinic cell carcinoma|Acinar]] adenocarcinoma | * [[Acinic cell carcinoma|Acinar]] [[adenocarcinoma]] | ||
* Papillary adenocarcinoma | * [[Papillary]] [[adenocarcinoma]] | ||
* [[Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma]] | * [[Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma]] | ||
:* Nonmucinous | :* Nonmucinous | ||
:* [[Mucinous carcinoma|Mucinous]] | :* [[Mucinous carcinoma|Mucinous]] | ||
:* Mixed nonmucinous and mucinous or indeterminate | :* Mixed nonmucinous and [[mucinous]] or indeterminate | ||
* Solid adenocarcinoma with mucin production | * Solid [[adenocarcinoma]] with [[mucin]] production | ||
:* Fetal adenocarcinoma | :* Fetal [[adenocarcinoma]] | ||
:* Mucinous (“colloid”) carcinoma | :* Mucinous (“colloid”) carcinoma | ||
:* [[Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma]] | :* [[Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma]] | ||
:* [[Signet ring cell carcinoma|Signet ring adenocarcinoma]] | :* [[Signet ring cell carcinoma|Signet ring adenocarcinoma]] | ||
:* [[Clear cell carcinoma of the lung|Clear cell]] adenocarcinoma | :* [[Clear cell carcinoma of the lung|Clear cell]] [[adenocarcinoma]] | ||
====[[Large cell carcinoma of the lung|Large cell carcinoma]]==== | ====[[Large cell carcinoma of the lung|Large cell carcinoma]]==== | ||
* [[Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung|Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma]] | * [[Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung|Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma]] | ||
:* Combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma | :* Combined large cell [[neuroendocrine]] carcinoma | ||
* Basaloid carcinoma | * [[Basaloid large cell carcinoma of the lung|Basaloid carcinoma]] | ||
* [[Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung|Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma]] | * [[Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung|Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma]] | ||
* Clear cell carcinoma | * [[Clear cell tumor|Clear cell carcinoma]] | ||
* Large cell carcinoma with [[Malignant rhabdoid tumor|rhabdoid]] phenotype | * [[Large cell carcinoma of the lung|Large cell carcinoma]] with [[Malignant rhabdoid tumor|rhabdoid]] [[phenotype]] | ||
====[[Adenosquamous carcinoma]]==== | ====[[Adenosquamous carcinoma]]==== | ||
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====Other tumors that may affect the lungs==== | ====Other tumors that may affect the lungs==== | ||
=====Salivary gland tumors===== | =====Salivary gland tumors===== | ||
* Mucoepidermoid carcinoma | * [[Mucoepidermoid carcinoma]] | ||
* Adenoid cystic carcinoma | * Adenoid cystic carcinoma | ||
* Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma | * Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma | ||
* Preinvasive lesions | * Preinvasive lesions | ||
:* Squamous carcinoma in situ | :* [[Squamous]] [[carcinoma in situ]] | ||
:* Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia | :* Atypical [[adenomatous]] [[hyperplasia]] | ||
:* Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia | :* Diffuse idiopathic [[pulmonary]] [[neuroendocrine]] cell [[hyperplasia]] | ||
=====Mesenchymal tumors===== | =====Mesenchymal tumors===== | ||
* Epithelioid [[Hemangioendothelioma|haemangioendothelioma]] | * [[Epithelioid]] [[Hemangioendothelioma|haemangioendothelioma]] | ||
* Angiosarcoma | * [[Angiosarcoma]] | ||
* Pleuropulmonary blastoma | * Pleuropulmonary [[blastoma]] | ||
* Chondroma | * [[Chondroma]] | ||
* Congenial peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor | * Congenial peribronchial myofibroblastic [[tumor]] | ||
* Diffuse pulmonary [[lymphangiomatosis]] | * Diffuse [[pulmonary]] [[lymphangiomatosis]] | ||
* Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor | * Inflammatory myofibroblastic [[tumor]] | ||
* [[Lymphangiomyomatosis|Lymphangioleiomyomatosis]] | * [[Lymphangiomyomatosis|Lymphangioleiomyomatosis]] | ||
* [[Synovial sarcoma]] | * [[Synovial sarcoma]] | ||
* [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]] | * [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]] | ||
* Pulmonary vein sarcoma | * [[Pulmonary]] [[vein]] [[sarcoma]] | ||
=====Benign Epithelial Tumors===== | =====Benign Epithelial Tumors===== | ||
* [[Papilloma|Papillomas]] | * [[Papilloma|Papillomas]] | ||
:* Squamous cell papilloma (either exophytic or inverted) | :* [[Squamous cell]] [[papilloma]] (either exophytic or inverted) | ||
:* Glandular papilloma | :* Glandular [[papilloma]] | ||
:* Mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma | :* Mixed [[squamous cell]] and [[glandular]] [[papilloma]] | ||
* [[Adenoma|Adenomas]] | * [[Adenoma|Adenomas]] | ||
:* Alveolar adenoma | :* [[Alveolar]] [[adenoma]] | ||
:* Papillary adenoma | :* [[Papillary]] [[adenoma]] | ||
:* Adenomas of the salivary gland type | :* [[Adenomas]] of the [[salivary gland]] type | ||
::* Mucous gland adenoma | ::* [[Mucous]] [[gland]] [[adenoma]] | ||
::* [[Pleomorphic adenoma]] | ::* [[Pleomorphic adenoma]] | ||
::* Others | ::* Others | ||
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=====Lymphoproliferative Tumors===== | =====Lymphoproliferative Tumors===== | ||
* Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the MALT type | * [[Marginal zone lymphoma|Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma]] of the [[MALT lymphoma|MALT]] type | ||
* Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma | * [[Diffuse large B cell lymphoma|Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]] | ||
* Lymphomatoid granulomatosis | * [[Lymphomatoid granulomatosis]] | ||
* Langerhans cell histiocytosis | * [[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]] | ||
=====Miscellaneous Tumors===== | =====Miscellaneous Tumors===== | ||
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:* Mature [[Teratoma]] | :* Mature [[Teratoma]] | ||
:* Immature Teratoma | :* Immature Teratoma | ||
:* Other germ cell tumors | :* Other [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] | ||
* Intrapulmonary [[thymoma]] | * Intrapulmonary [[thymoma]] | ||
* [[Melanoma]] | * [[Melanoma]] | ||
Revision as of 14:44, 27 March 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kim-Son H. Nguyen M.D. Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] Rim Halaby, M.D. [3] Dildar Hussain, MBBS [4]
Overview
Primary lung cancers may be classified into small cell lung cancer (~15%) and non small cell lung cancer (~85%). Non small cell lung cancer are a heterogenous group of lung cancers that are often grouped together because they share similar clinical features (e.g. prognosis and management). The 2004 WHO histological classification of tumors of the lung categorized lung tumors into malignant epithelial tumors, benign epithelial tumors, lymphoproliferative tumors, miscellaneous tumors, and metastatic tumors.
Classification
Primary lung cancers may be classified into two main categories:[1]
- Small cell lung cancer (~15%)
- Non small cell lung cancer (~85%).
| Lung Cancer | |||||||||||||||
Small cell lung cancer (~15%) | |||||||||||||||
Non small cell lung cancer (~85%)
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WHO Histological Classification of Tumors of the Lung
The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies tumors of the lungs as follows:[1]
Malignant epithelial tumors
Squamous cell carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma
- Combined small cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
- Adenocarcinoma, mixed subtype
- Acinar adenocarcinoma
- Papillary adenocarcinoma
- Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
- Solid adenocarcinoma with mucin production
- Fetal adenocarcinoma
- Mucinous (“colloid”) carcinoma
- Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
- Signet ring adenocarcinoma
- Clear cell adenocarcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
- Combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
- Basaloid carcinoma
- Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma
- Clear cell carcinoma
- Large cell carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype
Adenosquamous carcinoma
Sarcomatoid carcinoma
- Pleomorphic carcinoma
- Spindle cell carcinoma
- Giant cell carcinoma
- Carcinosarcoma
- Pulmonary blastoma
Carcinoid tumor
- Typical carcinoid
- Atypical carcinoid
Other tumors that may affect the lungs
Salivary gland tumors
- Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
- Adenoid cystic carcinoma
- Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma
- Preinvasive lesions
- Squamous carcinoma in situ
- Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
- Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia
Mesenchymal tumors
- Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma
- Angiosarcoma
- Pleuropulmonary blastoma
- Chondroma
- Congenial peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor
- Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis
- Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
- Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
- Synovial sarcoma
- Pulmonary artery sarcoma
- Pulmonary vein sarcoma
Benign Epithelial Tumors
- Squamous cell papilloma (either exophytic or inverted)
- Glandular papilloma
- Mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma
-
- Mucous gland adenoma
- Pleomorphic adenoma
- Others
- Mucinous cystadenoma
Lymphoproliferative Tumors
- Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the MALT type
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Miscellaneous Tumors
- Hamartoma
- Sclerosing hemangioma
- Clear cell tumor
- Germ cell tumors
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Travis, William (2004). Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart. Lyon: IARC Press. ISBN 9283224183.
- ↑ Raz, DJ (Mar 2006). "Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: a review". Clinical Lung Cancer. Cancer Information Group. 7 (5): 313–322. PMID 16640802. Unknown parameter
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