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{{Lung cancer}}
{{Lung cancer}}
===Epithelial tumors===
* '''[[Adenocarcinoma of the lung|Adenocarcinoma]]'''
** Lepidic adenocarcinoma
** Acinar adenocarcinoma
** Papillary adenocarcinoma
** Micropapillary adenocarcinoma
** Solid adenocarcinoma
** Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma
*** Mixed invasive mucinous
*** Nonmucinous adenocarcinoma
** Colloid adenocarcinoma
** Fetal adenocarcinoma
** Enteric adenocarcinoma
** Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma
** Nonmucinous
*** Mucinous
** Preinvasive lesions
*** Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
*** Adenocarcinoma in situ
**** Nonmucinous
**** Mucinous


* '''[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung|Squamous cell carcinoma]]'''
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KSH}} {{CZ}} {{Rim}} {{SH}}
** Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
 
** Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
==Overview==
** Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
Primary lung cancers may be [[Classification|classified]] into [[small cell lung cancer]] (~15%) and [[non small cell lung cancer]] (~85%).  [[Non small cell lung cancer]] are a [[heterogeneous]] group of lung cancers that are often grouped together because they share similar clinical features (e.g. [[prognosis]] and management). The 2015 [[World Health Organization|WHO]] [[Histology|histological]] [[classification]] of [[tumors]] of the [[lung]] categorized [[lung]] [[tumors]] into [[malignant]] [[epithelial]] [[tumors]], [[benign]] [[epithelial]] [[tumors]], [[Lymphoproliferative disorders|lymphoproliferative tumors]], miscellaneous [[tumors]], and [[metastatic]] [[tumors]].
** Preinvasive lesion
*** Squamous cell carcinoma in situ


=== Neuroendocrine tumors ===
==Classification==
* '''[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung|Small cell carcinoma]]'''
Primary lung cancers may be [[Classification|classified]] into two main categories:<ref name="WHO">{{cite book | last = Travis | first = William | title = Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart | publisher = IARC Press | location = Lyon | year = 2004 | isbn = 9283224183 }}</ref>
** Combined small cell carcinoma
*[[Small cell lung cancer]] (~15%) 
* '''Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma'''
*[[Non small cell lung cancer]] (~85%).
** Combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
* '''Carcinoid tumors'''
** Typical carcinoid tumor
** Atypical carcinoid tumor
* '''Preinvasive lesion'''
** Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia
* '''[[Large cell carcinoma of the lung|Large cell carcinoma]]'''
* '''Adenosquamous carcinoma'''
* '''[[Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung|Sarcomatoid carcinomas]]'''
** Pleomorphic carcinoma
** Spindle cell carcinoma
** Giant cell carcinoma
** Carcinosarcoma
** Pulmonary blastoma
* '''Other and Unclassified carcinomas'''
** Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma
** NUT carcinoma
* '''Salivary gland-type tumors'''
** Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
** Adenoid cystic carcinoma
** Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma
** Pleomorphic adenoma


* '''Papillomas'''  
{{Family tree/start}}
** Squamous cell papilloma
{{familytree | | | A01 | | | A01= '''Lung Cancer'''}}
*** Exophytic
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | }}
*** Inverted
{{familytree | B01 | | |!| | B01= <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 30em; padding:1em;">'''[[Small cell lung cancer]] (~15%) '''</div>}}
** Glandular papilloma
** Mixed squamous and glandular papilloma
* '''Adenomas'''  
** Sclerosing pneumocytoma
** Alveolar adenoma
** Papillary adenoma
** Mucinous cystadenoma
** Mucous gland adenoma


=== Mesenchymal tumors ===
{{familytree | | | | | B02 | B02= <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 30em; padding:1em;">'''[[Non small cell lung cancer]] (~85%)'''<br>
* [[Hamartoma|Pulmonary hamartoma]]
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung|Squamous cell carcinoma]] (25% of lung cancers) <br>
* Chondroma
*[[Adenocarcinoma of the lung|Adenocarcinoma]] (40% of lung cancers).
* PEComatous tumors
*[[Large cell carcinoma of the lung|Large cell carcinoma]] (10% of lung cancers)
** [[Lymphangiomyomatosis|Lymphangioleiomyomatosis]]
*Other non-small cell lung carcinomas:
** [[PEComa]], benigne
:*[[Adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung|Adenosquamous carcinoma]] <br>
*** Clear cell tumor
:*[[Carcinomas with pleomorphic, sarcomatoid, or sarcomatous elements]] <br>
** PEComa, malignant
:*[[Carcinoid tumor of the lung|Carcinoid tumor]] <br>
* Congenital peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor
:*[[Lung carcinoma of salivary gland type|Lung carcinoma of salivary gland type]]<br>
* Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis
:*[[Unclassified carcinoma of the lung|Unclassified carcinoma]] </div>}}
* Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
{{Family tree/end}}
* [[Vascular tumor|Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma]]
* [[Pleuropulmonary blastoma]]
* Synovial sarcoma
* Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma
* Pulmonary myxoid sarcoma with EWSR1–CREB1 translocation
* Myoepithelial tumors
** Myoepithelioma
** Myoepithelial carcinoma


=== Lymphohistiocytic tumors ===
==WHO Histological Classification of Tumors of the Lung ==
* Extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated Lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma)
The [[World Health Organization]] ([[World Health Organization|WHO]]) [[Classification|classifies]] [[tumors]] of the [[lungs]] as follows:<ref name="WHO">{{cite book | last = Travis | first = William | title = Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart | publisher = IARC Press | location = Lyon | year = 2004 | isbn = 9283224183 }}</ref><ref name="urlwww.jto.org">{{cite web |url=https://www.jto.org/article/S1556-0864(15)33571-1/pdf |title=www.jto.org |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
* Diffuse large cell lymphoma
* [[Lymphomatoid granulomatosis]]
* Intravascular large B cell lymphoma
* Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
* Erdheim–Chester disease


=== Tumors of ectopic origin ===
{| class="wikitable"
* Germ cell tumors
|+
** Teratoma, mature
! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" ! | WHO Classification of Lung Tumors
** Teratoma, immature
|-
* Intrapulmonary thymoma
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histological type
* Melanoma
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Subtype
* Meningioma, NOS
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #707070; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Epithelial tumors
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Adenocarcinoma of the lung|'''Adenocarcinoma''']]
|
*[[Lepidic adenocarcinoma of the lung|Lepidic adenocarcinoma]]
*[[Acinar adenocarcinoma of the lung|Acinar adenocarcinoma]]
*[[Papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung|Papillary adenocarcinoma]]
*[[Micropapillary adenocarcinoma of the lung|Micropapillary adenocarcinoma]]
*[[Solid adenocarcinoma of the lung|Solid adenocarcinoma]]
*[[Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung|Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma]]
** Mixed invasive mucinous
** Nonmucinous adenocarcinoma
*[[Colloid adenocarcinoma of the lung|Colloid adenocarcinoma]]
*[[Fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung|Fetal adenocarcinoma]]
*[[Enteric adenocarcinoma of the lung|Enteric adenocarcinoma]]
*[[Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung|Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma]]
** Nonmucinous
** Mucinous
* Pre-[[Invasive (medical)|invasive]] [[Lesion|lesions]]
**[[Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the lung|Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia]]
**[[Adenocarcinoma of the lung|Adenocarcinoma]] in situ
*** Nonmucinous
*** Mucinous
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung|Squamous cell carcinoma]]'''
|
* Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
* Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
* Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
* Pre-[[Invasive (medical)|invasive]] [[lesion]]
** Squamous cell carcinoma in situ
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #707070; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Neuroendocrine tumors'''
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung|Small cell carcinoma]]'''
|
* Combined [[Small cell carcinoma of lung|small cell carcinoma]]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung|Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma]]'''
|
* Combined [[Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung|large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma]]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Carcinoid syndrome|Carcinoid tumors]]'''
|
*[[Carcinoid tumor|Typical carcinoid tumor]]
*[[Carcinoid tumor|Atypical carcinoid tumor]]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Pre-[[Invasive (medical)|invasive]] [[lesion]]'''
|
*[[Diffuse]] [[idiopathic]] [[Lung|pulmonary]] [[neuroendocrine cell]] [[hyperplasia]]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Large cell carcinoma of the lung|Large cell carcinoma]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Adenosquamous carcinoma]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung|Sarcomatoid carcinomas]]'''
|
*[[Pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung|Pleomorphic carcinoma]]
*[[Spindle cell carcinoma of the lung|Spindle cell carcinoma]]
*[[Giant cell carcinoma of the lung|Giant cell carcinoma]]
*[[Carcinosarcoma of the lung|Carcinosarcoma]]
*[[Pulmonary blastoma of the lung|Pulmonary blastoma]]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Other and [[Classification|Unclassified]] [[Carcinoma|carcinomas]]'''
|
*[[Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung|Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma]]
* NUT carcinoma
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Salivary gland]]-type [[Tumor|tumors]]'''
|
*[[Mucoepidermoid carcinoma]]
* Adenoid cystic carcinoma
*[[Epithelium|Epithelial]]-[[myoepithelial]] [[carcinoma]]
*[[Pleomorphic adenoma]]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Papilloma|Papillomas]]'''
|
*[[Squamous cell papilloma]]
** Exophytic
** Inverted
*[[Gland|Glandular]] [[papilloma]]
* Mixed [[squamous]] and [[Gland|glandular]] [[papilloma]]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Adenoma|Adenomas]]'''
|
* Sclerosing pneumocytoma
*[[Alveolar]] [[adenoma]]
*[[Papilla|Papillary]] [[adenoma]]
*[[Mucinous cystadenoma]]
*[[Mucous gland]] [[adenoma]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #707070; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Mesenchymal tumors'''
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hamartoma|'''Pulmonary hamartoma''']]
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Chondroma]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[PEComa|PEComatous tumors]]'''
|
* [[Lymphangiomyomatosis|Lymphangioleiomyomatosis]]
* [[PEComa]] (benign)
**[[Clear cell tumor]]
*[[PEComa]] ([[malignant]])
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Congenital peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Diffuse [[Lung|pulmonary]] [[lymphangiomatosis]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Inflammation|Inflammatory]] [[Myofibroblast|myofibroblastic]] [[tumor]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Vascular tumor|'''Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma''']]
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Pleuropulmonary blastoma|'''Pleuropulmonary blastoma''']]
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Synovial sarcoma]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Pulmonary artery]] [[Tunica intima|intimal]] [[sarcoma]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Pulmonary myxoid sarcoma with EWSR1–CREB1 [[translocation]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | '''[[Myoepithelial]] [[Tumor|tumors]]'''
|
*[[Myoepithelial cells|Myoepithelioma]]
*[[Myoepithelial]] [[carcinoma]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #707070; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Lymphohistiocytic tumors'''
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of [[MALT lymphoma|mucosa-associated Lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma)]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Diffuse large cell [[lymphoma]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Lymphomatoid granulomatosis|'''Lymphomatoid granulomatosis''']]
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Intravascular large [[B cell]] [[lymphoma]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Lung|Pulmonary]] [[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Erdheim-Chester disease'''
|
* N/A
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #707070; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Tumors of ectopic origin'''
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Germ cell tumor|Germ cell tumors]]'''
|
* Mature [[teratoma]]
* Immature [[teratoma]]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Pulmonary|Intrapulmonary]] [[thymoma]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Melanoma]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Meningioma]], [[NOS]]'''
|
* N/A
|}


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 18:12, 2 July 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kim-Son H. Nguyen M.D. Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] Rim Halaby, M.D. [3] Dildar Hussain, MBBS [4]

Overview

Primary lung cancers may be classified into small cell lung cancer (~15%) and non small cell lung cancer (~85%). Non small cell lung cancer are a heterogeneous group of lung cancers that are often grouped together because they share similar clinical features (e.g. prognosis and management). The 2015 WHO histological classification of tumors of the lung categorized lung tumors into malignant epithelial tumors, benign epithelial tumors, lymphoproliferative tumors, miscellaneous tumors, and metastatic tumors.

Classification

Primary lung cancers may be classified into two main categories:[1]

 
 
Lung Cancer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

WHO Histological Classification of Tumors of the Lung

The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies tumors of the lungs as follows:[1][2]

WHO Classification of Lung Tumors
Histological type Subtype
Epithelial tumors
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
  • Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
  • Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
  • Pre-invasive lesion
    • Squamous cell carcinoma in situ
Neuroendocrine tumors
Small cell carcinoma
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
Carcinoid tumors
Pre-invasive lesion
Large cell carcinoma
  • N/A
Adenosquamous carcinoma
  • N/A
Sarcomatoid carcinomas
Other and Unclassified carcinomas
Salivary gland-type tumors
Papillomas
Adenomas
Mesenchymal tumors
Pulmonary hamartoma
  • N/A
Chondroma
  • N/A
PEComatous tumors
Congenital peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor
  • N/A
Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis
  • N/A
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
  • N/A
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
  • N/A
Pleuropulmonary blastoma
  • N/A
Synovial sarcoma
  • N/A
Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma
  • N/A
Pulmonary myxoid sarcoma with EWSR1–CREB1 translocation
  • N/A
Myoepithelial tumors
Lymphohistiocytic tumors
Extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated Lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma)
  • N/A
Diffuse large cell lymphoma
  • N/A
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
  • N/A
Intravascular large B cell lymphoma
  • N/A
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
  • N/A
Erdheim-Chester disease
  • N/A
Tumors of ectopic origin
Germ cell tumors
Intrapulmonary thymoma
  • N/A
Melanoma
  • N/A
Meningioma, NOS
  • N/A

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Travis, William (2004). Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart. Lyon: IARC Press. ISBN 9283224183.
  2. ↑ "www.jto.org".

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