Leukopenia

Leukopenia
ICD-10	D70
ICD-9	288.0
DiseasesDB	32396
MeSH	C15.378.553.546

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List of terms related to Leukopenia

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Leukopenia (or leukocytopenia, or leucopenia or leukopaenia) is a decrease in the number of circulating white blood cells (leukocytes) in the blood. As the principal function of white cells is to combat infection, a decrease in the number of these cells can place patients at increased risk for infection.

In pancytopenia, the other cell types in the blood (red blood cells and platelets) are similarly affected.

Neutropenia is a decrease in the number of circulating neutrophil granulocytes, the most abundant white blood cells. The terms leukopenia and neutropenia may occasionally be used interchangeably, as the neutrophil count is the most important indicator of infection risk. However, neutropenia is more properly considered a subset of leukopenia as a whole.

Low white cell counts are associated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, leukemia (as malignant cells overwhelm the bone marrow), myelofibrosis and aplastic anemia (failure of white and red cell creation, along with poor platelet production). In addition, many common medications can cause leukopenia.

Other causes of low white blood cell count include: Influenza, systemic lupus erythematosus, typhus, malaria, HIV, tuberculosis, dengue, Rickettsial infections, enlargement of the spleen, folate deficiencies and sepsis. Many other causes exist.

Leukopenia can be identified with a complete blood count.

• Acute after certain infections
• Agranulocytosis
• Alcoholism
• Aplastic Anemia
• Benign familial neutropenia
• Benign neutropenia in black people
• Bone marrow damage
• Brucellosis
• Cachexia
• Chickenpox
• Chronically in HIV infection
• Cyclic neutropenia
• Degenerative and inflammatory vasculopathies
• Diphtheria
• Diuretics
• Drug-induced granulocytopenias
• Drugs such as Chlorpromazine, Ethambutol, Fluphenazine, Haloperidol, Hydroxychloroquine, Letrozole, Metaxalone, Methocarbamol, Mycophenolate, Nelarabine, Olanzapine, Oxcarbazepine, Pramipexole, Prochlorperazine, Tamoxifen, Thalidomide
• Epstein-Barr Virus
• Exanthema subitum
• Folic acid deficiency
• HIV
• Hyperglobulia
• Hypersplenism
• Hypopituitarism
• Hypothyroidism
• Idiopathic
• Infection
• Infectious hepatitis
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Influenza
• Iron deficiency anemia
• Kala-Azar
• Kostmann Syndrome
• Leukemia (acute)
• Lipid storage disease
• Malaria
• Malignant lymphomas
• Myeloproliferative disorders
• Ornithosis
• Osteomyelosclerosis
• Paraproteinemia
• Paratyphus
• Parvovirus B19
• Pernicious anemia
• Poliomyelitis
• Primary and secondary varicosis
• Rickettsial infection
• Sjogren's Syndrome
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Thyrotoxicosis
• Toxoplasmosis
• Tuberculosis
• Tularemia
• Tumor infiltration
• Typhoid Fever
• Varicella
• Vein Compression Syndrome
• Vitamin B12 Deficiency
• Yellow Fever

Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Amoxicillin, Cefotaxime sodium, Cefaclor, Cefpodoxime, Ceftazidime, Cisplatin, Clobazam, Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Docetaxel, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Rifampin, Febuxostat, Flurazepam hydrochloride, Hydroxychloroquine, Irinotecan hydrochloride, Lenalidomide, Lincomycin Hydrochloride, Lorcaserin, Mercaptopurine, Meropenem, Metaxalone, Methocarbamol, Milnacipran hydrochloride, Mycophenolate, Nabilone, Olanzapine, Oxcarbazepine, Oxazepam, Paclitaxel, Penicillamine,Perphenazine, Pertuzumab, Pramipexole, Probenecid, Promethazine, Rabeprazole, Repaglinide, Sulindac, Spironolactone, Tamoxifen, Tolbutamide, Valganciclovir hydrochloride, Zonisamide, Sirolimus
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Amoxicillin
• Carboplatin
• Ceftazidime
• Cyclophosphamide
• Cytarabine
• Docetaxel
• Doxorubicin Hydrochloride
• Irinotecan hydrochloride
• Milnacipran hydrochloride
• Nabilone
• Paclitaxel
• Probenecid

Contraindicated medications

Leukopenia is considered an absolute contraindication to the use of the following medications:

• Methotrexate

External links

• Template:GPnotebook
• Template:MerckManual