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{{Laryngitis}}
{{Laryngitis}}
 
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Ochuko}}, {{AG}}
{{CMG}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Laryngitis may be the result of infectious or noninfectious causes. The most common causes of laryngitis are due to [[viral infection]]s, and include [[rhinovirus]], [[adenovirus]], [[influenza virus]], [[parainfluenza virus]], and [[respiratory syncytial virus]]. Common bacterial causes of laryngitis include ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' and ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]''.


==Causes==
==Causes==
===Life-threatening Causes===
Life-threatening causes of laryngitis include [[anthrax]]. Life-threatening causes may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
===Common Causes===
Common causes of laryngitis include:
*[[Adenovirus]]
*''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]''
*[[Herpes zoster]]
*[[Influenza]]
*[[Measles]]
*[[Mumps]]
*[[Parainfluenza virus]]
*[[Respiratory syncytial virus]]
*[[Rhinovirus]]
*''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''
===Causes by Organ System===


The [[voice box]] ([[larynx]]) is located at the top of the [[airway]] to the [[lungs]] ([[trachea]]). The [[larynx]] contains the [[vocal cords]]. When the [[vocal cords]] become [[inflamed]] or [[infected]], they [[swell]]. This can cause [[hoarseness]], and may sometimes block the [[airway]].
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |[[Pneumomediastinum]]
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrylic acid]], [[irritants]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bejel]], [[epidermolysis bullosa]], [[leprosy]], [[mumps]], [[Stevens-Johnson syndrome]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acitretin]], [[albuterol]], [[atropine]], [[azelastine]], [[azithromycin]], [[capecitabine]], [[celecoxib]], [[clomipramine]], [[dinoprostone]], [[dornase alfa]], [[estazolam]], [[eszopiclone]], [[fentanyl]], [[flunisolide]], [[fluticasone]], [[fluvoxamine]], [[frovatriptan]], [[gentian violet]], [[golimumab]], [[interferon beta-1a]], [[interferon beta-1b]], [[ixabepilone]], [[lisinopril]], [[mirtazapine]], [[pentamidine]], [[pulmozyme]], [[raloxifene]], [[rifapentine]], [[sibutramine]], [[sildenafil]], [[tacrolimus]], [[tiagabine]], [[tiotropium]], [[tobramycin]], [[tolcapone]], [[venlafaxine]], [[zaleplon]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cochlear implant]], [[empty nose syndrome]], [[laryngotracheitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Amyloidosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Pollution]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Barrett's esophagus]], [[gastroesophageal reflux disease]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Epidermolysis bullosa]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[MALT lymphoma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Radiation therapy]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute bronchitis]], [[acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[adenovirus]], [[aspergillosis]], [[bejel]], [[blastomycosis]], [[bordetella pertussis]], [[bronchitis]], [[candida]], [[chlamydia pneumoniae]], [[chlamydophila pneumoniae]], [[common cold]], [[croup]], [[epiglottitis]], [[cough|excessive coughing]], [[flu]], [[group B streptococcal infection]], [[haemophilus influenzae]], [[helicobacter pylori]], [[herpes simplex virus infection]], [[herpes zoster]], [[histoplasmosis]], [[human metapneumovirus]], [[influenza]], [[laryngotracheitis]], [[leishmaniasis]], [[leprosy]], [[measles]], [[moraxella catarrhalis]], [[mumps]], [[mycobacterium leprae]], [[obstructive laryngitis]], [[paracoccidioidomycosis]], [[parainfluenza virus]], [[pemphigus]], [[pneumonia]], [[respiratory syncytial virus]], [[rhinoscleroma]], [[rhinovirus]], [[sporotrichosis]], [[staphylococcus aureus]], [[streptococcus pneumoniae]], [[syphilis]], [[treponema pallidum]], [[tuberculosis]], [[upper respiratory tract infection]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Amyloidosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[MALT lymphoma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute bronchitis]], [[acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[bordetella pertussis]], [[bronchitis]], [[common cold]], [[croup]], [[cough|excessive coughing]], [[laryngotracheitis]], [[obstructive laryngitis]], [[pneumomediastinum]], [[pneumonia]], [[tuberculosis]], [[upper respiratory tract infection]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Allergies]], [[amyloidosis]], [[relapsing polychondritis]], [[selective IgA deficiency]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Injury]], [[vocal cord paresis|vocal trauma]], [[vocal loading|voice misuse]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[vocal loading|Voice misuse]]
|-
|}


The most common form of [[laryngitis]] is an [[infection]] caused by a [[virus]]. It may also be caused by:
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{columns-list|
*[[Acitretin]]
*[[Acrylic acid]]
*[[Acute bronchitis]]
*[[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]]
*[[Adenovirus]]  
*[[Albuterol]]
*[[Allergies]]
*[[Allergies]]
*[[Bacterial infection]]
*[[Amyloidosis]]
*[[Anthrax]]
*[[Aspergillosis]]
*[[Atropine]]
*[[Azelastine]]
*[[Azithromycin]]
*[[Barrett's esophagus]]
*[[Bejel]]
*[[Blastomycosis]]
*[[Bordetella pertussis]]  
*[[Bronchitis]]
*[[Bronchitis]]
*[[Candida]]
*[[Capecitabine]]
*[[Celecoxib]]
*[[Chlamydia pneumoniae]]
*[[Chlamydophila pneumoniae]]
*[[Clomipramine]]
*[[Cochlear implant]]
*[[Common cold]]
*[[Common cold]]
* Excessive coughing
*[[Croup]]
*[[Dinoprostone]]
*[[Dornase alfa]]
*[[Empty nose syndrome]]
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa]]
*[[Epiglottitis]]
*[[Estazolam]]
*[[Eszopiclone]]
*[[cough|Excessive coughing]]
*[[Fentanyl]]
*[[Flu]]
*[[Flu]]
*[[Injury]]
*[[Flunisolide]]
*[[Irritants]] and chemicals
*[[Fluticasone]]
*[[Pneumonia]]
*[[Fluvoxamine]]
 
*[[Frovatriptan]]
[[Laryngitis]] often occurs with an [[upper respiratory infection]].
*[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]
 
*[[Gentian violet]]
Several forms of [[laryngitis]] occur in children that can lead to dangerous or [[fatal]] [[respiratory]] blockage. These forms include:
*[[Golimumab]]
*[[Croup]]
*[[Group B streptococcal infection]]
*[[Epiglottitis]]
*[[Haemophilus influenzae]]
*[[Helicobacter pylori]]
*[[Herpes simplex virus infection]]
*[[Herpes zoster]]
*[[Histoplasmosis]]
*[[Human metapneumovirus]]
*[[Influenza]]
*[[Injury]]
*[[Interferon beta-1a]]
*[[Interferon beta-1b]]
*[[Irritants]]
*[[Ixabepilone]]
*[[Laryngotracheitis]]
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
*[[Leprosy]]
*[[Lisinopril]]
*[[MALT lymphoma]]
*[[Measles]]
*[[Mirtazapine]]
*[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]
*[[Mumps]]
*[[Mycobacterium leprae]]
*[[Obstructive laryngitis]]
*[[Paracoccidioidomycosis]]
*[[Parainfluenza virus]]
*[[Pemphigus]]
*[[Pentamidine]]
*[[Pneumomediastinum]]
*[[Pneumonia]]  
*[[Pollution]]
*[[Pulmozyme]]
*[[Radiation therapy]]
*[[Raloxifene]]
*[[Relapsing polychondritis]]
*[[Respiratory syncytial virus]]
*[[Rhinoscleroma]]
*[[Rhinovirus]]
*[[Rifapentine]]
*[[Selective IgA deficiency]]
*[[Sibutramine]]
*[[Sildenafil]]
*[[Sporotrichosis]]
*[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
*[[Stevens-Johnson syndrome]]
*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
*[[Syphilis]]
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
*[[Tacrolimus]]
*[[Tiagabine]]
*[[Tiotropium]]
*[[Tobramycin]]
*[[Tolcapone]]
*[[Treponema pallidum]]
*[[Tuberculosis]]
*[[Upper respiratory tract infection]]
*[[Venlafaxine]]
*[[vocal cord paresis|Vocal trauma]]
*[[vocal loading|Voice misuse]]
*[[Wegener granulomatosis]]
*[[Zaleplon]]
}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Crowdiagnosis]]
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Gynecology]]
[[Category:Otolaryngologic Disease]]
[[Category:Urology]]
[[Category:Otololaryngology]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]

Latest revision as of 22:29, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2], Anthony Gallo, B.S. [3]

Overview

Laryngitis may be the result of infectious or noninfectious causes. The most common causes of laryngitis are due to viral infections, and include rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Common bacterial causes of laryngitis include Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes of laryngitis include anthrax. Life-threatening causes may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Common causes of laryngitis include:

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Pneumomediastinum
Chemical/Poisoning Acrylic acid, irritants
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic Bejel, epidermolysis bullosa, leprosy, mumps, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus
Drug Side Effect Acitretin, albuterol, atropine, azelastine, azithromycin, capecitabine, celecoxib, clomipramine, dinoprostone, dornase alfa, estazolam, eszopiclone, fentanyl, flunisolide, fluticasone, fluvoxamine, frovatriptan, gentian violet, golimumab, interferon beta-1a, interferon beta-1b, ixabepilone, lisinopril, mirtazapine, pentamidine, pulmozyme, raloxifene, rifapentine, sibutramine, sildenafil, tacrolimus, tiagabine, tiotropium, tobramycin, tolcapone, venlafaxine, zaleplon
Ear Nose Throat Cochlear implant, empty nose syndrome, laryngotracheitis
Endocrine Amyloidosis
Environmental Pollution
Gastroenterologic Barrett's esophagus, gastroesophageal reflux disease
Genetic Epidermolysis bullosa
Hematologic MALT lymphoma
Iatrogenic Radiation therapy
Infectious Disease Acute bronchitis, acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold), adenovirus, aspergillosis, bejel, blastomycosis, bordetella pertussis, bronchitis, candida, chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, common cold, croup, epiglottitis, excessive coughing, flu, group B streptococcal infection, haemophilus influenzae, helicobacter pylori, herpes simplex virus infection, herpes zoster, histoplasmosis, human metapneumovirus, influenza, laryngotracheitis, leishmaniasis, leprosy, measles, moraxella catarrhalis, mumps, mycobacterium leprae, obstructive laryngitis, paracoccidioidomycosis, parainfluenza virus, pemphigus, pneumonia, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinoscleroma, rhinovirus, sporotrichosis, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, syphilis, treponema pallidum, tuberculosis, upper respiratory tract infection
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic Amyloidosis
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic MALT lymphoma
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Acute bronchitis, acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold), bordetella pertussis, bronchitis, common cold, croup, excessive coughing, laryngotracheitis, obstructive laryngitis, pneumomediastinum, pneumonia, tuberculosis, upper respiratory tract infection, Wegener's granulomatosis
Renal/Electrolyte Wegener's granulomatosis
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Allergies, amyloidosis, relapsing polychondritis, selective IgA deficiency, systemic lupus erythematosus, Wegener's granulomatosis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Injury, vocal trauma, voice misuse
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Voice misuse

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

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