Hypopituitarism natural history, complications and prognosis

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Hypopituitarism Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Overview

The natural history of hypopituitarism depends on the different clinical manifestations. If hypogonadism is left untreated, it will lead to decrease bone density and osteoporosis. Vasopressin deficiency will end up to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Complications of hypopituitarism include adrenal crisis, pseudotumor cerebri, and diabetes mellitus. Hypopituitarism has a good prognosis as long as the hormonal replacement therapy is performed properly.

Natural History

Hypopituitarism develops different symptoms according to the affected part of the pituitary gland and the deficient hormone. Leaving hypopituitarism without treatment can lead to critical consequences. The natural history depends on the different manifestations of the disease as the following:[1]

Complications

Complications that can develop as a result of hypopituitarism are:

Prognosis

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Vance, Mary Lee (1994). "Hypopituitarism". New England Journal of Medicine. 330 (23): 1651–1662. doi:10.1056/NEJM199406093302306. ISSN 0028-4793.
  2. Klibanski, Anne; Neer, Robert M.; Beitins, Inese Z.; Ridgway, E. Chester; Zervas, Nicholas T.; McArthur, Janet W. (1980). "Decreased Bone Density in Hyperprolactinemic Women". New England Journal of Medicine. 303 (26): 1511–1514. doi:10.1056/NEJM198012253032605. ISSN 0028-4793.
  3. Matthews, Karen A.; Meilahn, Elaine; Kuller, Lewis H.; Kelsey, Sheryl F.; Caggiula, Arlene W.; Wing, Rena R. (1989). "Menopause and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease". New England Journal of Medicine. 321 (10): 641–646. doi:10.1056/NEJM198909073211004. ISSN 0028-4793.
  4. Rosén T, Bengtsson BA (1990). "Premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease in hypopituitarism". Lancet. 336 (8710): 285–8. PMID 1973979.
  5. Bowlby DA, Rapaport R (2004). "Safety and efficacy of growth hormone therapy in childhood". Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2 Suppl 1: 68–77. PMID 16456485.
  6. Prabhakar VK, Shalet SM (2006). "Aetiology, diagnosis, and management of hypopituitarism in adult life". Postgrad Med J. 82 (966): 259–66. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2005.039768. PMC 2585697. PMID 16597813.

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